Question 1

Regulatory cascades have what advantage over direct action by the signal molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amplification. 
B)  Fine tuning of regulatory effects. 
C)  Coordinated response among multiple systems. 
D)  All of these 
A)  Amplification. 
B)  Fine tuning of regulatory effects. 
C)  Coordinated response among multiple systems. 
D)  All of these D

Question 2

What happens to the nitrogen from excess protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is stored as carbohydrate. 
B)  It is stored as fat. 
C)  It is eliminated through the urea cycle. 
D)  It is exhaled as N2 gas. 
A)  It is stored as carbohydrate. 
B)  It is stored as fat. 
C)  It is eliminated through the urea cycle. 
D)  It is exhaled as N2 gas. C

Question 3

Insulin affects which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  GLUT 4 transporter 
B)  Pyruvate dehydrogenase 
C)  Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
D)  Glycogen synthase 
E)  Glycogen synthase and Glycogen phosphorylase
F) all of these 
A)  GLUT 4 transporter 
B)  Pyruvate dehydrogenase 
C)  Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
D)  Glycogen synthase 
E)  Glycogen synthase and Glycogen phosphorylase
F) all of these F

Question 4

Chronic high carbohydrate diets can result in over-release of insulin,which actually causes hypoglycemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Hormones are

Accepted Answer

A)  transported to their site of action by the lymphatic system. 
B)  intercellular messengers. 
C)  present in large quantities in organisms. 
D)  not well characterized. 
A)  transported to their site of action by the lymphatic system. 
B)  intercellular messengers. 
C)  present in large quantities in organisms. 
D)  not well characterized.

Question 6

Which of the following produces hormone-releasing factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus 
B)  anterior pituitary 
C)  posterior pituitary 
D)  adrenal cortex 
A)  hypothalamus 
B)  anterior pituitary 
C)  posterior pituitary 
D)  adrenal cortex

Question 7

G proteins act on

Accepted Answer

A)  tyrosine kinases. 
B)  adenylate cyclase. 
C)  insulin receptors. 
D)  steroid hormones. 
A)  tyrosine kinases. 
B)  adenylate cyclase. 
C)  insulin receptors. 
D)  steroid hormones.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a potential mechanism to activate protein kinases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyclic AMP binding to regulatory subunits on the protein kinase. 
B)  Binding of a calcium complex to the protein kinase. 
C)  Binding of inositol phosphate to the protein kinase. 
D)  All three of these mechanisms activate protein kinase. 
A)  Cyclic AMP binding to regulatory subunits on the protein kinase. 
B)  Binding of a calcium complex to the protein kinase. 
C)  Binding of inositol phosphate to the protein kinase. 
D)  All three of these mechanisms activate protein kinase.

Question 9

In addition to all the other problems,why can a person get fat from overdrinking alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase I 
B)  Ethanol is converted to acetate and then to acetyl-CoA which makes lipids 
C)  Ethanol converts carbohydrates into lipids 
D)  none of these 
A)  Alcohol inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase I 
B)  Ethanol is converted to acetate and then to acetyl-CoA which makes lipids 
C)  Ethanol converts carbohydrates into lipids 
D)  none of these

Question 10

Which of the following is not a role for hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance of homeostasis 
B)  mediation of responses to external stimuli 
C)  growth and development 
D)  antioxidants 
A)  maintenance of homeostasis 
B)  mediation of responses to external stimuli 
C)  growth and development 
D)  antioxidants

Question 11

Hormone activity frequently turns metabolic pathways on and off by adding phosphate to or removing it from lipids within the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Amino acid and protein hormones usually act by binding to a receptor on the cell surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Studies of metabolism usually separate the reactions into pathways,such as the Krebs' Cycle or the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.This is really an artificial designation,since these pathways are all intimately linked and overlap.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of these hormones causes elevation of the level of glucose in human blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon. 
C)  Glucagon and Epinephrine. 
D)  Insulin and Glucagon. 
E)  All of these Hormones elevate the blood glucose levels. 
A)  Insulin 
B)  Glucagon. 
C)  Glucagon and Epinephrine. 
D)  Insulin and Glucagon. 
E)  All of these Hormones elevate the blood glucose levels.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, are hydrolyzed to monomers and then oxidized 
B)  ATP is a common product in such pathways 
C)  the pathways are exergonic 
D)  energy input is required for these pathways to take place 
A)  macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, are hydrolyzed to monomers and then oxidized 
B)  ATP is a common product in such pathways 
C)  the pathways are exergonic 
D)  energy input is required for these pathways to take place

Question 16

Proteins are always being degraded,so there is a constant need for quality protein in order to maintain the body's structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

For which of the following is there no RDA (recommended daily allowance)?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  fluoride 
C)  iodine 
D)  iron 
A)  calcium 
B)  fluoride 
C)  iodine 
D)  iron

Question 18

The action of Ca2+ in a second messenger scheme

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the calcium-binding protein calmodulin as the actual second messenger 
B)  relies entirely on intercellular reservoirs of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  does not involve the G protein 
D)  produces sustained responses by controlling the flow of Ca2+ into the cell 
A)  involves the calcium-binding protein calmodulin as the actual second messenger 
B)  relies entirely on intercellular reservoirs of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  does not involve the G protein 
D)  produces sustained responses by controlling the flow of Ca2+ into the cell

Question 19

An essential nutrient is one which is either not made in the body or is not made in sufficient quantity to allow for survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A hormone is defined as a substance which is made in one tissue,but actually acts on a different tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

Regulatory cascades have what advantage over direct action by the signal molecule?

What happens to the nitrogen from excess protein?

Insulin affects which of the following?

Chronic high carbohydrate diets can result in over-release of insulin,which actually causes hypoglycemia.

Hormones are

Which of the following produces hormone-releasing factors?

G proteins act on

Which of the following is not a potential mechanism to activate protein kinases?

In addition to all the other problems,why can a person get fat from overdrinking alcohol?

Which of the following is not a role for hormones?

Hormone activity frequently turns metabolic pathways on and off by adding phosphate to or removing it from lipids within the cell.

Amino acid and protein hormones usually act by binding to a receptor on the cell surface.

Studies of metabolism usually separate the reactions into pathways,such as the Krebs' Cycle or the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.This is really an artificial designation,since these pathways are all intimately linked and overlap.

Which of these hormones causes elevation of the level of glucose in human blood?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of catabolic pathways?

Proteins are always being degraded,so there is a constant need for quality protein in order to maintain the body's structures.

For which of the following is there no RDA (recommended daily allowance)?

The action of Ca2+ in a second messenger scheme

An essential nutrient is one which is either not made in the body or is not made in sufficient quantity to allow for survival.

A hormone is defined as a substance which is made in one tissue,but actually acts on a different tissue.

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Filters

The action of Ca²⁺ in a second messenger scheme