Exam 15: Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity

Describe the mechanism by which Ras is cycled from its active to inactive form.

In the NF-B signaling pathway,which of the following molecules is downstream of I-B kinase?

Using a luciferase reporter system in tissue culture cells,researchers from the University of California,San Francisco,found that ethanol stimulates transcription of genes in brain cells possibly involved in the adaptive responses to alcohol.This process was found to depend on PKA activation.By analogy to other PKA-dependent transcription activation pathways,describe a possible pathway for this transcription induction.What other proteins would be involved?