Exam 29: Methods in Microbial Ecology

The use of modern molecular techniques has provided a mechanism for growing the microorganisms previously referred to as unculturable.

In _______ _______,cells are tagged with a fluorescent dye and injected into a flowing,progressively narrowing stream of fluid,forcing one cell at a time through a laser beam that scatters its fluorescence to a detector. or or

The fact that certain nucleotide templates are more readily amplified than others is termed _______.

Which of the following is microscopy in which the microscope is fitted with light filters that enable the excitation of the specimen with a specific wavelength?

When PCR amplification of SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA)yields a population of different PCR products of about the same molecular weight,these fragments can be separated for further analysis by ______.

The technique known as _______ _______ _______ can be used to examine nutrient cycling in microbial communities as well as identify the microbes taking up the element of interest.

Suppose a microbiologist wanted to identify the microbe responsible for a specific metabolic activity.To simultaneously assess metabolic activity and phylogenetic identity,the best technique would be _______.

The level of specific mRNA,and therefore the expression of a given gene in a particular ecosystem,can be evaluated in the environment using in situ reverse transcriptase (ISRT)-FISH.

Determining the functional nature of a microbial community by analysis of bulk DNA samples extracted from environmental samples may be misleading for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

What percentage of microbes have been cultured in the laboratory?

The fact that cells of genetically uniform population do not have similar phenotypic attributes is called ______ heterogeneity.

In two-dimensional nano-liquid chromatography,a complex mixture of peptides is separated first by charge and then by solubility.

A technique used to quantify specific types of microbes in natural samples,enrichment cultures,and food or water samples is known as the _______ ________ _______ technique.

The reporter gene most commonly used to monitor changes in the physical microenvironment for a single microorganism is the ______.

In the microdroplet culture method,cells from mixed assemblages are encapsulated in a gel matrix.The matrix is then emulsified to generate gel "microdroplets"; each microdroplet contains a mixture of cells.

Phylogenetic oligonucleotide arrays (POAs)contain rRNA sequences as probes and are used as a means to detect complementary rRNA sequences from the environment.

While there are many uses for flow cytometry,a powerful addition to this technique is the ability to further sort,count,and collect individual fluorescent cells,known as fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).

Because so few bacteria can be grown easily in culture,but all of them contain DNA,molecular techniques like PCR and SSU rRNA are used to be able to identify and quantify microorganisms as a "census" for diversity.

Which of the following samples of microbial communities would be best suited for study by microelectrode experiments?

When doing SSU (small subunit ribosomal RNA)of a mixed population of microbes from an environmental sample,specific _______ are identified.