Question 1

Genes for antibiotic resistance can be found in antibiotic-producing bacteria as well as in non-antibiotic-producing bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of these transposable elements do not carry genes for functions other than those needed for transposition?

Accepted Answer

A) Insertion sequences 
B) Composite transposons 
C) Retrotransposons 
D) Conjugal transposons 
A) Insertion sequences 
B) Composite transposons 
C) Retrotransposons 
D) Conjugal transposons A

Question 3

Repair of thymine dimers using light to split the dimers apart into separate monomers is called

Accepted Answer

A) photodedimerication. 
B) photoreactivation. 
C) photoreparation. 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) photodedimerication. 
B) photoreactivation. 
C) photoreparation. 
D) None of the choices are correct. B

Question 4

The process in which one or more nucleic acid molecules are rearranged or combined to produce a new nucleotide sequence is called

Accepted Answer

A) transformation. 
B) conjugation. 
C) recombination. 
D) transduction. 
A) transformation. 
B) conjugation. 
C) recombination. 
D) transduction.

Question 5

A DNA molecule that enters a bacterium by one of several mechanisms is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) merozygote. 
B) exogenote. 
C) endogenote. 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) merozygote. 
B) exogenote. 
C) endogenote. 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

By definition,if the DNA of a cell undergoes a spontaneous mutation,is was NOT due to

Accepted Answer

A) errors in DNA replication. 
B) insertion of transposons. 
C) exposure to radiation. 
D) spontaneous depurination of nucleotides. 
A) errors in DNA replication. 
B) insertion of transposons. 
C) exposure to radiation. 
D) spontaneous depurination of nucleotides.

Question 7

To best isolate mutant bacteria that are threonine auxotrophs from a larger population,threonine-rich media should be inoculated and any colonies that form are presumptive auxotrophic mutants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Transformation has been observed in only a limited number of species in nature,but we have found ways to force the process upon other species in the laboratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Site-specific recombination systems

Accepted Answer

A) do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology. 
B) depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host. 
C) are features of some viruses. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) do not depend on extensive nucleotide sequence homology. 
B) depend on enzymes that are often specific for sequences within the host. 
C) are features of some viruses. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Which type(s)of mutation might lead to a threonine auxotrophic revertant?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the choices are correct. 
B) Base substitution 
C) Missense mutation 
D) Point mutation 
A) All of the choices are correct. 
B) Base substitution 
C) Missense mutation 
D) Point mutation

Question 11

Stable integration of foreign DNA into a bacterial host genome is generally accomplished through induced plasmid transformation than by natural uptake of free DNA fragments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In mismatch repair on newly replicated DNA,enzymes distinguish between old and newly replicated DNA strands based on the fact that newly replicated DNA strands are ________-methylated relative to older DNA.
or

Accepted Answer

The answer of In mismatch repair on newly replicated DNA,enzymes...

Question 13

If chromosomal DNA from a host is the only type of DNA carried by a transducing particle,what can be concluded regarding transduction in this case?

Accepted Answer

A) Transduction in this case is generalized rather than specialized. 
B) Transduction in this case is specialized rather than generalized. 
C) Transduction in this case could be generalized or specialized depending on the phage involved. 
D) Transduction in this case is neither generalized nor specialized. 
A) Transduction in this case is generalized rather than specialized. 
B) Transduction in this case is specialized rather than generalized. 
C) Transduction in this case could be generalized or specialized depending on the phage involved. 
D) Transduction in this case is neither generalized nor specialized.

Question 14

The Ames test

Accepted Answer

A) can be used to measure the mutagenicity of chemicals. 
B) is used to measure the repair of thymine dimers. 
C) is used to measure levels of oxygen free radicals. 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) can be used to measure the mutagenicity of chemicals. 
B) is used to measure the repair of thymine dimers. 
C) is used to measure levels of oxygen free radicals. 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

A(n)__________ is a latent form of a virus genome that remains within the host without destroying it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)__________ is a latent form of a...

Question 16

Transfer of genetic information via direct cell-cell contact is called

Accepted Answer

A) transformation. 
B) transduction. 
C) transfection. 
D) conjugation. 
A) transformation. 
B) transduction. 
C) transfection. 
D) conjugation.

Question 17

A __________ mutation is one that causes premature termination of the synthesis of the protein product.

Accepted Answer

A) missense 
B) nonsense 
C) silent 
D) None of the choices are correct. 
A) missense 
B) nonsense 
C) silent 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 18

The order of gene transfer in an Hfr * F- mating is best represented by

Accepted Answer

A) all plasmid genes followed by some or all of the chromosome. 
B) part of the plasmid followed by the chromosome followed by the rest of the plasmid. 
C) the chromosome followed by the plasmid. 
D) part of the chromosome followed by the plasmid followed by the rest of the chromosome. 
A) all plasmid genes followed by some or all of the chromosome. 
B) part of the plasmid followed by the chromosome followed by the rest of the plasmid. 
C) the chromosome followed by the plasmid. 
D) part of the chromosome followed by the plasmid followed by the rest of the chromosome.

Question 19

During specialized transduction carried out by lambda phage in Escherichia coli,differences in the phage and host attachment (att)sites mediate insertion of phage DNA into host DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If one reproductive strategy of a eukaryotic organism is gamete fusion,what can be concluded about that organism?

Accepted Answer

A) The organism participates in vertical gene transfer. 
B) The organism participates in horizontal gene transfer. 
C) The organism reproduces asexually. 
D) Progeny organisms are identical to each other. 
A) The organism participates in vertical gene transfer. 
B) The organism participates in horizontal gene transfer. 
C) The organism reproduces asexually. 
D) Progeny organisms are identical to each other.

Exam 16: Mechanisms of Genetic Variation

Genes for antibiotic resistance can be found in antibiotic-producing bacteria as well as in non-antibiotic-producing bacteria.

Which of these transposable elements do not carry genes for functions other than those needed for transposition?

Repair of thymine dimers using light to split the dimers apart into separate monomers is called

The process in which one or more nucleic acid molecules are rearranged or combined to produce a new nucleotide sequence is called

A DNA molecule that enters a bacterium by one of several mechanisms is called a(n)

By definition,if the DNA of a cell undergoes a spontaneous mutation,is was NOT due to

To best isolate mutant bacteria that are threonine auxotrophs from a larger population,threonine-rich media should be inoculated and any colonies that form are presumptive auxotrophic mutants.

Transformation has been observed in only a limited number of species in nature,but we have found ways to force the process upon other species in the laboratory.

Site-specific recombination systems

Which type(s)of mutation might lead to a threonine auxotrophic revertant?

Stable integration of foreign DNA into a bacterial host genome is generally accomplished through induced plasmid transformation than by natural uptake of free DNA fragments.

In mismatch repair on newly replicated DNA,enzymes distinguish between old and newly replicated DNA strands based on the fact that newly replicated DNA strands are ________-methylated relative to older DNA. or

If chromosomal DNA from a host is the only type of DNA carried by a transducing particle,what can be concluded regarding transduction in this case?

The Ames test

A(n)__________ is a latent form of a virus genome that remains within the host without destroying it.

Transfer of genetic information via direct cell-cell contact is called

A __________ mutation is one that causes premature termination of the synthesis of the protein product.

The order of gene transfer in an Hfr * F- mating is best represented by

During specialized transduction carried out by lambda phage in Escherichia coli,differences in the phage and host attachment (att)sites mediate insertion of phage DNA into host DNA.

If one reproductive strategy of a eukaryotic organism is gamete fusion,what can be concluded about that organism?

The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microscopy

Bacterial Cell Structure

Archaeal Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Microbial Growth

Control of Microorganisms in the Environment

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Introduction to Metabolism

Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

Anabolism: the Use of Energy in Biosynthesis

Bacterial Genome Replication and Expression

Regulation of Bacterial Cellular Processes

Eukaryotic and Archaeal Genome Replication and Expression

Recombinant DNA Technology

Microbial Genomics

Microbial Taxonomy and the Evolution of Diversity

Archaea

The Deinococci, Mollicutes, and Nonproteobacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria

The Proteobacteria

Firmicutes: The Low G-C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Actinobacteria: the High G-C Gram-Positive Bacteria

Protists

Fungi Eumycota

Viruses

Biogeochemical Cycling and Global Climate Change

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Microorganisms in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Microbial Interactions

Innate Host Resistance

Adaptive Immunity

Pathogenicity and Infection

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology and Public Health Microbiology

Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

Microbiology of Food

Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology

Applied Environmental Microbiology

Filters

The order of gene transfer in an Hfr * F^- mating is best represented by