Question 1

The appropriate statistical test for interval or ratio level data is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) t test 
B) Pearson correlation 
C) chi-square test 
D) F test 
A) t test 
B) Pearson correlation 
C) chi-square test 
D) F test

Question 2

The probability of making a Type II error increases when the:

Accepted Answer

A) significance level is set very high. 
B) effect size is small. 
C) sample size is large. 
D) probability of a Type I error is high. 
A) significance level is set very high. 
B) effect size is small. 
C) sample size is large. 
D) probability of a Type I error is high.

Question 3

A Type I error occurs when one:

Accepted Answer

A) rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B) rejects the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C) accepts the null hypothesis when it is true. 
D) accepts the null hypothesis when it is false. 
A) rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B) rejects the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C) accepts the null hypothesis when it is true. 
D) accepts the null hypothesis when it is false.

Question 4

A researcher wants to know if cholesterol levels are lower in vegetarians or nonvegetarians. Which statistical test would be most appropriate for this data?

Accepted Answer

A) Chi-square test 
B) Analysis of variance 
C) t test 
D) Pearson correlation 
A) Chi-square test 
B) Analysis of variance 
C) t test 
D) Pearson correlation

Question 5

The appropriate statistical test for nominal level data of two groups is the:

Accepted Answer

A) t test. 
B) Pearson correlation. 
C) chi-square test. 
D) analysis of variance. 
A) t test. 
B) Pearson correlation. 
C) chi-square test. 
D) analysis of variance.

Question 6

The null hypothesis is rejected whenever:

Accepted Answer

A) past studies prove it wrong. 
B) there is a low probability that the obtained results could be due to random error. 
C) the independent variable fails to have an effect on the dependent variable. 
D) the researcher is convinced that the variable is ineffective in causing changes in behavior. 
A) past studies prove it wrong. 
B) there is a low probability that the obtained results could be due to random error. 
C) the independent variable fails to have an effect on the dependent variable. 
D) the researcher is convinced that the variable is ineffective in causing changes in behavior.

Question 7

When comparing the differences in the ratings of responsibility for an automobile accident between male and female drivers, the null hypothesis would suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A) women are more responsible drivers than men. 
B) there is no difference in the ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers. 
C) men are more responsible drivers than women. 
D) there is a difference in the ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers. 
A) women are more responsible drivers than men. 
B) there is no difference in the ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers. 
C) men are more responsible drivers than women. 
D) there is a difference in the ratings of responsibility between male and female drivers.

Question 8

When testing the differences between means, the null hypothesis suggests that any observed difference is due to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) manipulation 
B) systematic variance 
C) error variance 
D) random error 
A) manipulation 
B) systematic variance 
C) error variance 
D) random error

Question 9

Which of the following is the least accurate statement about the use of statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

A) One of the goals is to allow one to make a decision about whether the obtained results are reliable. 
B) The likelihood of obtaining significant results increases with decreasing sample size. 
C) The significance level selected indicates how confident one wants to be when making a decision. 
D) One is most likely to obtain significant results when the effect size is large. 
A) One of the goals is to allow one to make a decision about whether the obtained results are reliable. 
B) The likelihood of obtaining significant results increases with decreasing sample size. 
C) The significance level selected indicates how confident one wants to be when making a decision. 
D) One is most likely to obtain significant results when the effect size is large.

Question 10

When examining the strength of the relationship between study time and test score, the null hypothesis would suggest that the true population correlation is:

Accepted Answer

A) greater than 0.00. 
B) less than 0.00. 
C) equal to 0.00. 
D) 1.00. 
A) greater than 0.00. 
B) less than 0.00. 
C) equal to 0.00. 
D) 1.00.

Question 11

_____ variance is the deviation of the group means from the grand mean.

Accepted Answer

A) Error 
B) Systematic 
C) Alpha 
D) Inferential 
A) Error 
B) Systematic 
C) Alpha 
D) Inferential

Question 12

Negative results are problematical because they:

Accepted Answer

A) are difficult to interpret. 
B) are less important. 
C) disprove the theory one tries to support. 
D) cannot be analyzed statistically. 
A) are difficult to interpret. 
B) are less important. 
C) disprove the theory one tries to support. 
D) cannot be analyzed statistically.

Question 13

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) reactivity. 
B) reliability. 
C) variability. 
D) probability. 
A) reactivity. 
B) reliability. 
C) variability. 
D) probability.

Question 14

A researcher was interested in the differences in the opinions about marriage between men and women. She predicted that women would have different opinions about marriage from men. What would the null hypothesis suggest in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Women have more positive opinions about marriage than men. 
B) Men have more positive opinions about marriage than women. 
C) There is no difference between men and women in their opinions about marriage. 
D) There is a difference between men and women in their opinions about marriage. 
A) Women have more positive opinions about marriage than men. 
B) Men have more positive opinions about marriage than women. 
C) There is no difference between men and women in their opinions about marriage. 
D) There is a difference between men and women in their opinions about marriage.

Question 15

A researcher asked participants to rate the softness of two well-known brands of tissue paper-Daisy and Flora. Daisy was rated softer than Flora with mean ratings of 5.50 and 3.25 respectively. This difference was statistically significant at the .05 probability level. The null hypothesis for the population suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) Daisy is softer than Flora. 
B) Flora is softer than Daisy. 
C) There is a difference between Daisy and Flora in softness. 
D) There is no difference between the softness of Daisy and Flora tissues. 
A) Daisy is softer than Flora. 
B) Flora is softer than Daisy. 
C) There is a difference between Daisy and Flora in softness. 
D) There is no difference between the softness of Daisy and Flora tissues.

Question 16

When a researcher _____ the probability of making a Type I error, he or she _____ the probability of making a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A) increases; increases 
B) decreases; increases 
C) decreases; decreases 
D) decreases; does not affect 
A) increases; increases 
B) decreases; increases 
C) decreases; decreases 
D) decreases; does not affect

Question 17

The expected value of t under the null hypothesis _____.

Accepted Answer

A) equals 1 
B) equals 0 
C) depends on the degrees of freedom 
D) varies depending on the alpha level 
A) equals 1 
B) equals 0 
C) depends on the degrees of freedom 
D) varies depending on the alpha level

Question 18

According to the _____ hypothesis, the independent variable has no effect.

Accepted Answer

A) null 
B) research 
C) practical 
D) significant 
A) null 
B) research 
C) practical 
D) significant

Question 19

The probability of making a Type II error is NOT influenced by the:

Accepted Answer

A) effect size. 
B) sample size. 
C) alpha level. 
D) gamma level. 
A) effect size. 
B) sample size. 
C) alpha level. 
D) gamma level.

Question 20

The null hypothesis:

Accepted Answer

A) is used because it is a very precise statement. 
B) is rejected when there is a high probability that the obtained results are due to random error. 
C) does not allow one to know the probability of the outcome of the study occurring. 
D) states that the independent variable did have an effect. 
A) is used because it is a very precise statement. 
B) is rejected when there is a high probability that the obtained results are due to random error. 
C) does not allow one to know the probability of the outcome of the study occurring. 
D) states that the independent variable did have an effect.

The appropriate statistical test for interval or ratio level data is the _____.

The probability of making a Type II error increases when the:

A Type I error occurs when one:

A researcher wants to know if cholesterol levels are lower in vegetarians or nonvegetarians. Which statistical test would be most appropriate for this data?

The appropriate statistical test for nominal level data of two groups is the:

The null hypothesis is rejected whenever:

When comparing the differences in the ratings of responsibility for an automobile accident between male and female drivers, the null hypothesis would suggest that:

When testing the differences between means, the null hypothesis suggests that any observed difference is due to _____.

Which of the following is the least accurate statement about the use of statistical tests?

When examining the strength of the relationship between study time and test score, the null hypothesis would suggest that the true population correlation is:

_____ variance is the deviation of the group means from the grand mean.

Negative results are problematical because they:

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as:

A researcher was interested in the differences in the opinions about marriage between men and women. She predicted that women would have different opinions about marriage from men. What would the null hypothesis suggest in this situation?

When a researcher _ the probability of making a Type I error, he or she _ the probability of making a Type II error.

The expected value of t under the null hypothesis _____.

According to the _____ hypothesis, the independent variable has no effect.

The probability of making a Type II error is NOT influenced by the:

The null hypothesis:

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

Generalization

Filters

Exam 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

The appropriate statistical test for interval or ratio level data is the _____.

The probability of making a Type II error increases when the:

A Type I error occurs when one:

A researcher wants to know if cholesterol levels are lower in vegetarians or nonvegetarians. Which statistical test would be most appropriate for this data?

The appropriate statistical test for nominal level data of two groups is the:

The null hypothesis is rejected whenever:

When comparing the differences in the ratings of responsibility for an automobile accident between male and female drivers, the null hypothesis would suggest that:

When testing the differences between means, the null hypothesis suggests that any observed difference is due to _____.

Which of the following is the least accurate statement about the use of statistical tests?

When examining the strength of the relationship between study time and test score, the null hypothesis would suggest that the true population correlation is:

_____ variance is the deviation of the group means from the grand mean.

Negative results are problematical because they:

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as:

A researcher was interested in the differences in the opinions about marriage between men and women. She predicted that women would have different opinions about marriage from men. What would the null hypothesis suggest in this situation?

When a researcher _____ the probability of making a Type I error, he or she _____ the probability of making a Type II error.

The expected value of t under the null hypothesis _____.

According to the _____ hypothesis, the independent variable has no effect.

The probability of making a Type II error is NOT influenced by the:

The null hypothesis:

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

Generalization

Filters

When a researcher _ the probability of making a Type I error, he or she _ the probability of making a Type II error.