Question 1

The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient:

Accepted Answer

A) is called the Pearson c. 
B) is used when both variables have ordinal or nominal scale properties. 
C) provides information about the strength of a relationship. 
D) does not indicate the direction of a relationship. 
A) is called the Pearson c. 
B) is used when both variables have ordinal or nominal scale properties. 
C) provides information about the strength of a relationship. 
D) does not indicate the direction of a relationship. C

Question 2

The advantage of reporting effect size is that it:

Accepted Answer

A) tells us what the sample as a whole, or on the average, is like. 
B) can be represented on a pie chart. 
C) is more accurate than the correlation coefficient. 
D) provides a scale of values that is consistent across all types of studies. 
A) tells us what the sample as a whole, or on the average, is like. 
B) can be represented on a pie chart. 
C) is more accurate than the correlation coefficient. 
D) provides a scale of values that is consistent across all types of studies. D

Question 3

A measure of _____ is a number that characterizes the amount of spread in a distribution of scores.

Accepted Answer

A) central tendency 
B) effect size 
C) correlation 
D) variability 
A) central tendency 
B) effect size 
C) correlation 
D) variability D

Question 4

The grades received by 10 college sophomores in a test are A, B, D, A, A, A, C, B, C, and A. From this data, it can be inferred that the mode is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) C 
B) A 
C) D 
D) B 
A) C 
B) A 
C) D 
D) B

Question 5

A teacher displays her students' test grades on a notice board. As per the results, seven students received grade A, 10 students received grade B, 18 students received grade C, four students received grade D, and one student received grade E. In statistical terms, this is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) measure of central tendency 
B) measure of variability 
C) frequency distribution 
D) correlation table 
A) measure of central tendency 
B) measure of variability 
C) frequency distribution 
D) correlation table

Question 6

A researcher would employ structural equation modeling because:

Accepted Answer

A) it is the only appropriate statistical technique that provides a way of statistically controlling third variables. 
B) it allows a researcher to test how well data fits a theoretical model that describes the relationship among variables. 
C) it allows the researcher to describe how strongly different variables are related to one another. 
D) it is the method that helps predict future behavior based on a person's score on some other variable. 
A) it is the only appropriate statistical technique that provides a way of statistically controlling third variables. 
B) it allows a researcher to test how well data fits a theoretical model that describes the relationship among variables. 
C) it allows the researcher to describe how strongly different variables are related to one another. 
D) it is the method that helps predict future behavior based on a person's score on some other variable.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about structural equation models?

Accepted Answer

A) They are developed after the data is analyzed and interpreted. 
B) They are expected patterns of relationships among a set of variables. 
C) They can only be used to explain the results of laboratory experiments. 
D) They can only be used to explain the results of field experiments. 
A) They are developed after the data is analyzed and interpreted. 
B) They are expected patterns of relationships among a set of variables. 
C) They can only be used to explain the results of laboratory experiments. 
D) They can only be used to explain the results of field experiments.

Question 8

Latifah measures the height of four- and five-year-olds. To her surprise, she finds no correlation between height and age. What is most likely responsible for this result?

Accepted Answer

A) Correlational methods cannot be used to calculate age and height. 
B) A curvilinear relationship exists between the variables. 
C) The range of the variables has been restricted. 
D) The variability in the sample will not allow the accurate calculation of a correlation coefficient. 
A) Correlational methods cannot be used to calculate age and height. 
B) A curvilinear relationship exists between the variables. 
C) The range of the variables has been restricted. 
D) The variability in the sample will not allow the accurate calculation of a correlation coefficient.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about ratio scales?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not have equal intervals. 
B) They have an absolute zero point. 
C) They exhibit minimal quantitative distinctions. 
D) They are typically used to measure personality traits. 
A) They do not have equal intervals. 
B) They have an absolute zero point. 
C) They exhibit minimal quantitative distinctions. 
D) They are typically used to measure personality traits.

Question 10

What happens when a correlation is nearer to 1.00 (plus or minus)?

Accepted Answer

A) The relationship between the variables becomes stronger. 
B) The relationship between the variables remains constant in terms of its strength. 
C) The variables become interdependent of each other. 
D) The relationship between the variables is terminated. 
A) The relationship between the variables becomes stronger. 
B) The relationship between the variables remains constant in terms of its strength. 
C) The variables become interdependent of each other. 
D) The relationship between the variables is terminated.

Question 11

The general form of a regression equation is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) X = Y + ab 
B) XY = a + b 
C) Y = a + bX 
D) ab = X + Y 
A) X = Y + ab 
B) XY = a + b 
C) Y = a + bX 
D) ab = X + Y

Question 12

When graphically depicting frequency distributions, a _____ uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable.

Accepted Answer

A) polygon 
B) histogram 
C) pie chart 
D) bar graph 
A) polygon 
B) histogram 
C) pie chart 
D) bar graph

Question 13

A correlation coefficient is always used _____.

Accepted Answer

A) to describe the strength of the relationship between two variables 
B) when the design of a study utilizes a correlational method 
C) to determine the significance of statistical analyses 
D) when data is collected using a nominal scale 
A) to describe the strength of the relationship between two variables 
B) when the design of a study utilizes a correlational method 
C) to determine the significance of statistical analyses 
D) when data is collected using a nominal scale

Question 14

Which of the following is a technique that provides a way of statistically controlling third variables?

Accepted Answer

A) Criterion assessment 
B) Frequency distribution 
C) Multiple correlation 
D) Partial correlation 
A) Criterion assessment 
B) Frequency distribution 
C) Multiple correlation 
D) Partial correlation

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about path coefficients?

Accepted Answer

A) They define how variables are causally related to one another. 
B) They indicate the strength of a relationship on the -1.00 to +1.00 scale. 
C) They determine how much variability exists in a set of scores. 
D) They indicate the number of individuals who receive each possible score on a variable. 
A) They define how variables are causally related to one another. 
B) They indicate the strength of a relationship on the -1.00 to +1.00 scale. 
C) They determine how much variability exists in a set of scores. 
D) They indicate the number of individuals who receive each possible score on a variable.

Question 16

The _____ of a set of scores is obtained by adding all the scores and dividing by the number of scores.

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) standard deviation 
A) mean 
B) mode 
C) median 
D) standard deviation

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about bar graphs?

Accepted Answer

A) They divide a whole circle, or "pie," into "slices" that represent relative percentages. 
B) They use bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable. 
C) They use a separate and distinct bar for each piece of information. 
D) They use a line to represent the distribution of frequencies of scores. 
A) They divide a whole circle, or "pie," into "slices" that represent relative percentages. 
B) They use bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable. 
C) They use a separate and distinct bar for each piece of information. 
D) They use a line to represent the distribution of frequencies of scores.

Question 18

Workers at an automobile repair shop report that half of the automobiles they repair have a resale value below $8000. In this example, which measure of central tendency does the $8000 represent?

Accepted Answer

A) Mean 
B) Mode 
C) Median 
D) Meridian 
A) Mean 
B) Mode 
C) Median 
D) Meridian

Question 19

Three celebrity judges rank the finalists of a reality show based on their musical talents. The judges rank the contestants in the order of the most talented to the least talented. Which type of measurement scale does this scenario exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A) Ratio 
B) Interval 
C) Ordinal 
D) Nominal 
A) Ratio 
B) Interval 
C) Ordinal 
D) Nominal

Question 20

Researchers studying the effectiveness of a diet on heart disease divided the study's participants into two groups-those with Type A personalities and those with Type B personalities. Which scale of measurement characterizes these personality variables?

Accepted Answer

A) Nominal 
B) Ordinal 
C) Interval 
D) Ratio 
A) Nominal 
B) Ordinal 
C) Interval 
D) Ratio

The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient:

The advantage of reporting effect size is that it:

A measure of _____ is a number that characterizes the amount of spread in a distribution of scores.

The grades received by 10 college sophomores in a test are A, B, D, A, A, A, C, B, C, and A. From this data, it can be inferred that the mode is _____.

A teacher displays her students' test grades on a notice board. As per the results, seven students received grade A, 10 students received grade B, 18 students received grade C, four students received grade D, and one student received grade E. In statistical terms, this is a _____.

A researcher would employ structural equation modeling because:

Which of the following statements is true about structural equation models?

Latifah measures the height of four- and five-year-olds. To her surprise, she finds no correlation between height and age. What is most likely responsible for this result?

Which of the following statements is true about ratio scales?

What happens when a correlation is nearer to 1.00 (plus or minus)?

The general form of a regression equation is _____.

When graphically depicting frequency distributions, a _____ uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable.

A correlation coefficient is always used _____.

Which of the following is a technique that provides a way of statistically controlling third variables?

Which of the following statements is true about path coefficients?

The _____ of a set of scores is obtained by adding all the scores and dividing by the number of scores.

Which of the following statements is true about bar graphs?

Workers at an automobile repair shop report that half of the automobiles they repair have a resale value below $8000. In this example, which measure of central tendency does the $8000 represent?

Three celebrity judges rank the finalists of a reality show based on their musical talents. The judges rank the contestants in the order of the most talented to the least talented. Which type of measurement scale does this scenario exemplify?

Researchers studying the effectiveness of a diet on heart disease divided the study's participants into two groups-those with Type A personalities and those with Type B personalities. Which scale of measurement characterizes these personality variables?

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

Generalization

Filters

Exam 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient:

The advantage of reporting effect size is that it:

A measure of _____ is a number that characterizes the amount of spread in a distribution of scores.

The grades received by 10 college sophomores in a test are A, B, D, A, A, A, C, B, C, and A. From this data, it can be inferred that the mode is _____.

A teacher displays her students' test grades on a notice board. As per the results, seven students received grade A, 10 students received grade B, 18 students received grade C, four students received grade D, and one student received grade E. In statistical terms, this is a _____.

A researcher would employ structural equation modeling because:

Which of the following statements is true about structural equation models?

Latifah measures the height of four- and five-year-olds. To her surprise, she finds no correlation between height and age. What is most likely responsible for this result?

Which of the following statements is true about ratio scales?

What happens when a correlation is nearer to 1.00 (plus or minus)?

The general form of a regression equation is _____.

When graphically depicting frequency distributions, a _____ uses bars to display a frequency distribution for a quantitative variable.

A correlation coefficient is always used _____.

Which of the following is a technique that provides a way of statistically controlling third variables?

Which of the following statements is true about path coefficients?

The _____ of a set of scores is obtained by adding all the scores and dividing by the number of scores.

Which of the following statements is true about bar graphs?

Workers at an automobile repair shop report that half of the automobiles they repair have a resale value below $8000. In this example, which measure of central tendency does the $8000 represent?

Three celebrity judges rank the finalists of a reality show based on their musical talents. The judges rank the contestants in the order of the most talented to the least talented. Which type of measurement scale does this scenario exemplify?

Researchers studying the effectiveness of a diet on heart disease divided the study's participants into two groups-those with Type A personalities and those with Type B personalities. Which scale of measurement characterizes these personality variables?

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

Generalization

Filters