Question 1

In a perfect positive relationship between two variables, the:

Accepted Answer

A) score on one variable enables predicting an individual's score on the other variable. 
B) correlation coefficient would range between -1.0 and +1.0. 
C) scores on one variable will be the same as the scores on the other variable. 
D) correlation coefficient would be nearer to -1.0. 
A) score on one variable enables predicting an individual's score on the other variable. 
B) correlation coefficient would range between -1.0 and +1.0. 
C) scores on one variable will be the same as the scores on the other variable. 
D) correlation coefficient would be nearer to -1.0.

Question 2

Which of the following statistical measures indicates the average deviation of scores from the mean?

Accepted Answer

A) Linearity deviation 
B) Median 
C) Standard deviation 
D) Central tendency 
A) Linearity deviation 
B) Median 
C) Standard deviation 
D) Central tendency

Question 3

Which of the following scales of measurement lacks numeric properties?

Accepted Answer

A) Nominal 
B) Ordinal 
C) Interval 
D) Ratio 
A) Nominal 
B) Ordinal 
C) Interval 
D) Ratio

Question 4

Which of the following examples best represents the use of an interval scale?

Accepted Answer

A) Ranking the participants of a race based on their performance 
B) Assessing students' ratings of their professors' performance on a five-point scale ranging from poor to excellent 
C) Measuring the number of boxes of cookies sold by scouts on the west side of a town versus those sold on the east side of the town 
D) Naming the different brands of cars seen in a school's parking lot 
A) Ranking the participants of a race based on their performance 
B) Assessing students' ratings of their professors' performance on a five-point scale ranging from poor to excellent 
C) Measuring the number of boxes of cookies sold by scouts on the west side of a town versus those sold on the east side of the town 
D) Naming the different brands of cars seen in a school's parking lot

Question 5

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on:

Accepted Answer

A) nominal and ratio scales. 
B) ordinal and nominal scales. 
C) interval and ratio scales. 
D) optimal and interval scales. 
A) nominal and ratio scales. 
B) ordinal and nominal scales. 
C) interval and ratio scales. 
D) optimal and interval scales.

Question 6

The scores obtained by five college students in a test are 25, 25, 30, 35, and 40. What is the mean for this set of scores?

Accepted Answer

A) 34 
B) 25 
C) 31 
D) 40 
A) 34 
B) 25 
C) 31 
D) 40

Question 7

A researcher asks students to rate their feeling toward an increase in tuition on a seven-point scale ranging from "opposed" to "in favor of." Which type of measurement scale has the researcher used?

Accepted Answer

A) Nominal 
B) Ordinal 
C) Interval 
D) Ratio 
A) Nominal 
B) Ordinal 
C) Interval 
D) Ratio

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the three basic ways of describing results of research investigations?

Accepted Answer

A) Graphing relationships between variables 
B) Making precise statements about data correlating the scores of individuals on two variables 
C) Comparing group percentages 
D) Comparing variable quantities 
A) Graphing relationships between variables 
B) Making precise statements about data correlating the scores of individuals on two variables 
C) Comparing group percentages 
D) Comparing variable quantities

Question 9

After establishing that there is a reasonably high correlation between two variables, a researcher can utilize a regression equation to make predictions about the _____ variable from the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) predictor; criterion 
B) criterion; predictor 
C) independent; dependent 
D) dependent; independent 
A) predictor; criterion 
B) criterion; predictor 
C) independent; dependent 
D) dependent; independent

Question 10

When a line graph is employed to represent the number of subjects who received each possible score on a variable, the graph is called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) pie chart 
B) frequency polygon 
C) histogram 
D) bar graph 
A) pie chart 
B) frequency polygon 
C) histogram 
D) bar graph

Question 11

In the context of correlation coefficients, which of the following problems occurs when the individuals in a sample are very similar on the variable the researcher is studying?

Accepted Answer

A) Restriction of range 
B) Measurement error 
C) Temporal precedence 
D) Central tendency 
A) Restriction of range 
B) Measurement error 
C) Temporal precedence 
D) Central tendency

Question 12

Which of the following is an accurate statement about structural equation models (SEM)?

Accepted Answer

A) They allow researchers to compare two competing models. 
B) They help in eradicating the third-variable problem in nonexperimental research. 
C) They can only be represented in a histogram. 
D) They allow researchers to easily calculate the variance of a set of scores. 
A) They allow researchers to compare two competing models. 
B) They help in eradicating the third-variable problem in nonexperimental research. 
C) They can only be represented in a histogram. 
D) They allow researchers to easily calculate the variance of a set of scores.

Question 13

_____ are calculations used to predict a person's score on one variable when that person's score on another variable is already known.

Accepted Answer

A) Regression Equations 
B) Linear equations 
C) Frequency distributions 
D) Standard deviations 
A) Regression Equations 
B) Linear equations 
C) Frequency distributions 
D) Standard deviations

Question 14

The difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that a ratio scale _____, while an interval scale does not.

Accepted Answer

A) uses equal intervals 
B) has an absolute zero 
C) indicates order 
D) gives numerical information 
A) uses equal intervals 
B) has an absolute zero 
C) indicates order 
D) gives numerical information

Question 15

A teacher displays the results of a test on a notice board. As per the results, half the students scored more than 70 percent in the test, while the remaining scored less than 70 percent. Which measure of central tendency does this scenario represent?

Accepted Answer

A) Mean 
B) Mode 
C) Median 
D) Meridian 
A) Mean 
B) Mode 
C) Median 
D) Meridian

Question 16

Which of the following is a common manipulation used by scientists and advertisers when representing data on a bar graph?

Accepted Answer

A) The independent variable is represented on the vertical axis instead of the horizontal axis. 
B) The dependent variable is represented on the horizontal axis instead of the vertical axis. 
C) The distance between points on the measurement scale is exaggerated to make the results appear more dramatic than they are. 
D) The data is presented using only bar graphs and histograms to exaggerate the difference between the variables. 
A) The independent variable is represented on the vertical axis instead of the horizontal axis. 
B) The dependent variable is represented on the horizontal axis instead of the vertical axis. 
C) The distance between points on the measurement scale is exaggerated to make the results appear more dramatic than they are. 
D) The data is presented using only bar graphs and histograms to exaggerate the difference between the variables.

Question 17

When researchers are interested in predicting some future behavior based on a person's score on some other variable, they should:

Accepted Answer

A) construct several criterion variables. 
B) construct a scatterplot in addition to looking at the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. 
C) demonstrate that there is a reasonably high correlation between the criterion and predictor variables. 
D) demonstrate that the correlation coefficient of the known and the unknown variable is closer to -1.00. 
A) construct several criterion variables. 
B) construct a scatterplot in addition to looking at the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. 
C) demonstrate that there is a reasonably high correlation between the criterion and predictor variables. 
D) demonstrate that the correlation coefficient of the known and the unknown variable is closer to -1.00.

Question 18

In assessing the relationship between variable X and variable Y, the squared value of the correlation coefficient (r2) is sometimes reported. This value represents:

Accepted Answer

A) the degree of variability in variable X. 
B) the degree of variability in variable Y. 
C) the effect size of the variables. 
D) the percent of variability in Y that can be accounted for by X. 
A) the degree of variability in variable X. 
B) the degree of variability in variable Y. 
C) the effect size of the variables. 
D) the percent of variability in Y that can be accounted for by X.

Question 19

Multiple correlation is a technique for:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the accuracy of prediction. 
B) multiplying correlation coefficients. 
C) making measures more reliable. 
D) increasing the values of independent variables. 
A) increasing the accuracy of prediction. 
B) multiplying correlation coefficients. 
C) making measures more reliable. 
D) increasing the values of independent variables.

Question 20

With respect to Pearson r, the absolute size of r is the coefficient that indicates the:

Accepted Answer

A) direction of the relationship between two variables. 
B) measurement scale that applies to two variables. 
C) curvilinear relationship between two variables. 
D) strength of the relationship between two variables. 
A) direction of the relationship between two variables. 
B) measurement scale that applies to two variables. 
C) curvilinear relationship between two variables. 
D) strength of the relationship between two variables.

In a perfect positive relationship between two variables, the:

Which of the following statistical measures indicates the average deviation of scores from the mean?

Which of the following scales of measurement lacks numeric properties?

Which of the following examples best represents the use of an interval scale?

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on:

The scores obtained by five college students in a test are 25, 25, 30, 35, and 40. What is the mean for this set of scores?

A researcher asks students to rate their feeling toward an increase in tuition on a seven-point scale ranging from "opposed" to "in favor of." Which type of measurement scale has the researcher used?

Which of the following is one of the three basic ways of describing results of research investigations?

After establishing that there is a reasonably high correlation between two variables, a researcher can utilize a regression equation to make predictions about the _ variable from the _ variable.

When a line graph is employed to represent the number of subjects who received each possible score on a variable, the graph is called a _____.

In the context of correlation coefficients, which of the following problems occurs when the individuals in a sample are very similar on the variable the researcher is studying?

Which of the following is an accurate statement about structural equation models (SEM)?

_____ are calculations used to predict a person's score on one variable when that person's score on another variable is already known.

The difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that a ratio scale _____, while an interval scale does not.

A teacher displays the results of a test on a notice board. As per the results, half the students scored more than 70 percent in the test, while the remaining scored less than 70 percent. Which measure of central tendency does this scenario represent?

Which of the following is a common manipulation used by scientists and advertisers when representing data on a bar graph?

When researchers are interested in predicting some future behavior based on a person's score on some other variable, they should:

In assessing the relationship between variable X and variable Y, the squared value of the correlation coefficient (r²) is sometimes reported. This value represents:

Multiple correlation is a technique for:

With respect to Pearson r, the absolute size of r is the coefficient that indicates the:

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

Generalization

Filters

Exam 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

In a perfect positive relationship between two variables, the:

Which of the following statistical measures indicates the average deviation of scores from the mean?

Which of the following scales of measurement lacks numeric properties?

Which of the following examples best represents the use of an interval scale?

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on:

The scores obtained by five college students in a test are 25, 25, 30, 35, and 40. What is the mean for this set of scores?

A researcher asks students to rate their feeling toward an increase in tuition on a seven-point scale ranging from "opposed" to "in favor of." Which type of measurement scale has the researcher used?

Which of the following is one of the three basic ways of describing results of research investigations?

After establishing that there is a reasonably high correlation between two variables, a researcher can utilize a regression equation to make predictions about the _____ variable from the _____ variable.

When a line graph is employed to represent the number of subjects who received each possible score on a variable, the graph is called a _____.

In the context of correlation coefficients, which of the following problems occurs when the individuals in a sample are very similar on the variable the researcher is studying?

Which of the following is an accurate statement about structural equation models (SEM)?

_____ are calculations used to predict a person's score on one variable when that person's score on another variable is already known.

The difference between an interval and a ratio scale is that a ratio scale _____, while an interval scale does not.

A teacher displays the results of a test on a notice board. As per the results, half the students scored more than 70 percent in the test, while the remaining scored less than 70 percent. Which measure of central tendency does this scenario represent?

Which of the following is a common manipulation used by scientists and advertisers when representing data on a bar graph?

When researchers are interested in predicting some future behavior based on a person's score on some other variable, they should:

In assessing the relationship between variable X and variable Y, the squared value of the correlation coefficient (r2) is sometimes reported. This value represents:

Multiple correlation is a technique for:

With respect to Pearson r, the absolute size of r is the coefficient that indicates the:

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

Generalization

Filters

After establishing that there is a reasonably high correlation between two variables, a researcher can utilize a regression equation to make predictions about the _ variable from the _ variable.

In assessing the relationship between variable X and variable Y, the squared value of the correlation coefficient (r²) is sometimes reported. This value represents: