Question 1

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amplification, initiation, membrane attack, and polymerization 
B)  Polymerization, initiation, membrane attack, and amplification 
C)  Initiation, membrane attack, polymerization, and amplification 
D)  Membrane attack, initiation, polymerization, and amplification 
E)  Initiation, amplification, polymerization, and membrane attack 
A)  Amplification, initiation, membrane attack, and polymerization 
B)  Polymerization, initiation, membrane attack, and amplification 
C)  Initiation, membrane attack, polymerization, and amplification 
D)  Membrane attack, initiation, polymerization, and amplification 
E)  Initiation, amplification, polymerization, and membrane attack

Question 2

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammatory process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of complement 
B)  Vascular reactions 
C)  Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators 
D)  Formation of pus and edema 
E)  Scar formation and/or resolution 
A)  Activation of complement 
B)  Vascular reactions 
C)  Injury and mast cells releasing chemical mediators 
D)  Formation of pus and edema 
E)  Scar formation and/or resolution

Question 3

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid 
B)  bile 
C)  histamine 
D)  hydrochloric acid 
E)  lysozyme 
A)  lactic acid 
B)  bile 
C)  histamine 
D)  hydrochloric acid 
E)  lysozyme

Question 4

All of the following comprise the second line of defense except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis 
B)  fever 
C)  inflammation 
D)  antibody production 
E)  complement proteins 
A)  phagocytosis 
B)  fever 
C)  inflammation 
D)  antibody production 
E)  complement proteins

Question 5

You cut your finger dicing chicken for dinner.Which of the following is not a source of chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response that results from the injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial cells that infect the wound 
B)  Antibody-producing plasma cells 
C)  Localized leukocytes 
D)  Host tissues damaged by the knife 
A)  Bacterial cells that infect the wound 
B)  Antibody-producing plasma cells 
C)  Localized leukocytes 
D)  Host tissues damaged by the knife

Question 6

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is toxic to pathogens. 
B)  destroys pathogens. 
C)  physically restricts pathogens to a specific region. 
D)  creates a physical barrier against pathogens. 
A)  is toxic to pathogens. 
B)  destroys pathogens. 
C)  physically restricts pathogens to a specific region. 
D)  creates a physical barrier against pathogens.

Question 7

You have severe itching problems when bitten by an insect.Your friend gives you an ointment to spread on your skin around the bite so that the redness and itching do not bother you.The likely mechanism of this medication would be

Accepted Answer

A)  the inactivation of neutrophils. 
B)  the destruction of phagocytic cells. 
C)  to act as an antagonist of histamine. 
D)  the inhibition of lysozyme. 
A)  the inactivation of neutrophils. 
B)  the destruction of phagocytic cells. 
C)  to act as an antagonist of histamine. 
D)  the inhibition of lysozyme.

Question 8

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)is an intricate network throughout the body that comprises

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue and monocytes. 
B)  connective tissue and lymphocytes. 
C)  connective tissue fibers and phagocytic white blood cells. 
D)  connective tissue fibers, mast cells, and basophils. 
A)  connective tissue and monocytes. 
B)  connective tissue and lymphocytes. 
C)  connective tissue fibers and phagocytic white blood cells. 
D)  connective tissue fibers, mast cells, and basophils.

Question 9

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extracellular fluid 
B)  Intracellular fluid 
C)  Blood stream 
D)  Lymphatic system 
A)  Extracellular fluid 
B)  Intracellular fluid 
C)  Blood stream 
D)  Lymphatic system

Question 10

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The second line of defense includes inflammation,phagocytosis,fever,and antimicrobial proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Monocytes are the mature form of macrophages; they are found in tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ingestion 
B)  Destruction 
C)  Diapedesis 
D)  Chemotaxis 
E)  Phagolysosome formation 
A)  Ingestion 
B)  Destruction 
C)  Diapedesis 
D)  Chemotaxis 
E)  Phagolysosome formation

Question 14

Your 81-year old grandfather has been diagnosed with cancer of the thymus.The doctor is urging surgical removal of the cancer,but you and the family are worried about the consequences of removing an entire organ such as the thymus.Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your grandfather would not be able to produce complement proteins necessary for pathogen control and inflammation. 
B)  Your grandfather will have a loss of T lymphocytes and will have an immune deficiency. 
C)  Your grandfather would not have sufficient phagocytic cells and would not be able to contain bacterial infections. 
D)  There is nothing to worry about; thymus removal will not affect your grandfather's immune status at his age. 
A)  Your grandfather would not be able to produce complement proteins necessary for pathogen control and inflammation. 
B)  Your grandfather will have a loss of T lymphocytes and will have an immune deficiency. 
C)  Your grandfather would not have sufficient phagocytic cells and would not be able to contain bacterial infections. 
D)  There is nothing to worry about; thymus removal will not affect your grandfather's immune status at his age.

Question 15

All of the following are events of early inflammation except

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. 
B)  chemical mediators and cytokines are released. 
C)  brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. 
D)  exudate and pus can accumulate. 
E)  capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edema. 
A)  macrophages appear first and begin phagocytosis. 
B)  chemical mediators and cytokines are released. 
C)  brief vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation. 
D)  exudate and pus can accumulate. 
E)  capillaries become more permeable, resulting in edema.

Question 16

Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumor - cancer 
B)  Rubor - redness 
C)  Dolor - pain 
D)  Calor - warmth 
A)  Tumor - cancer 
B)  Rubor - redness 
C)  Dolor - pain 
D)  Calor - warmth

Question 17

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell,in order to communicate with other cells that need to produce antiviral proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albumin 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Interferon 
D)  Complement 
E)  Lysozyme 
A)  Albumin 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Interferon 
D)  Complement 
E)  Lysozyme

Question 18

All of the following pertain to platelets,except

Accepted Answer

A)  they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. 
B)  they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. 
C)  they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
D)  they function primarily in hemostasis. 
E)  they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
A)  they are not whole cells but are pieces of cells. 
B)  they originate from giant multinucleate cells called megakaryocytes. 
C)  they function in blood clotting and inflammation. 
D)  they function primarily in hemostasis. 
E)  they contain hemoglobin to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 19

The granules of eosinophils contain ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxidase 
B)  antigens 
C)  histamine 
D)  antibodies 
E)  serotonin 
A)  peroxidase 
B)  antigens 
C)  histamine 
D)  antibodies 
E)  serotonin

Question 20

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  interferons 
B)  lysozymes 
C)  complement 
D)  leukotrines 
E)  pyrogens 
A)  interferons 
B)  lysozymes 
C)  complement 
D)  leukotrines 
E)  pyrogens

Exam 14: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Which of the following represents the correct order of activity in the complement cascade?

What is the first step in the major events of the inflammatory process?

The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is ______.

All of the following comprise the second line of defense except ______.

You cut your finger dicing chicken for dinner.Which of the following is not a source of chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response that results from the injury?

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

You have severe itching problems when bitten by an insect.Your friend gives you an ointment to spread on your skin around the bite so that the redness and itching do not bother you.The likely mechanism of this medication would be

The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)is an intricate network throughout the body that comprises

Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

The second line of defense includes inflammation,phagocytosis,fever,and antimicrobial proteins.

Monocytes are the mature form of macrophages; they are found in tissues.

Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Your 81-year old grandfather has been diagnosed with cancer of the thymus.The doctor is urging surgical removal of the cancer,but you and the family are worried about the consequences of removing an entire organ such as the thymus.Which statement is correct?

All of the following are events of early inflammation except

Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inflammation?

Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell,in order to communicate with other cells that need to produce antiviral proteins?

All of the following pertain to platelets,except

The granules of eosinophils contain ______.

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are ______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Microbial Metabolism: The Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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