Question 1

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  low load 
B)  divided 
C)  cocktail party 
D)  selective 
A)  low load 
B)  divided 
C)  cocktail party 
D)  selective D

Question 2

Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component?

Accepted Answer

A)  The attenuator 
B)  The dictionary unit 
C)  The filter 
D)  The "leaky" filter 
A)  The attenuator 
B)  The dictionary unit 
C)  The filter 
D)  The "leaky" filter B

Question 3

Strayer and Johnston's (2001)experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" vs."handheld" cell phones found that

Accepted Answer

A)  talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent. 
B)  driving performance was impaired only with the handheld cell phones. 
C)  driving performance was impaired less with the hands-free phones than with the handheld phones. 
D)  divided attention (driving and talking on the phone) did not affect performance. 
A)  talking on either kind of phone impairs driving performance significantly and to the same extent. 
B)  driving performance was impaired only with the handheld cell phones. 
C)  driving performance was impaired less with the hands-free phones than with the handheld phones. 
D)  divided attention (driving and talking on the phone) did not affect performance. A

Question 4

In the flanker compatibility procedure, flanker stimuli and target stimuli must necessarily differ in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  location. 
B)  size. 
C)  identity. 
D)  color. 
A)  location. 
B)  size. 
C)  identity. 
D)  color.

Question 5

Imagine that U.S.lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you have been consulted as an attention expert.Given the principles of consistent vs.varied mapping, which of the following possible changes to driving laws would most interfere with a skilled driver's automatic performance when driving a car?

Accepted Answer

A)  Passing laws where headlights must be used during the day when the weather is bad 
B)  Requiring all drivers learn to drive safely on wet roadways using anti-lock brakes 
C)  Requiring successful curbside parking performance to obtain a license 
D)  Creating conditions where sometimes a green light meant "stop" 
A)  Passing laws where headlights must be used during the day when the weather is bad 
B)  Requiring all drivers learn to drive safely on wet roadways using anti-lock brakes 
C)  Requiring successful curbside parking performance to obtain a license 
D)  Creating conditions where sometimes a green light meant "stop"

Question 6

The use of an eye tracker can help reveal the shifting of one's attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  overt 
B)  covert 
C)  divided 
D)  dichotic 
A)  overt 
B)  covert 
C)  divided 
D)  dichotic

Question 7

Imagine we conducted a series of attention experiments.The idea that attention is associated with objects would be indicated if reaction time were

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced when targets appeared at the site of a prior cue than if they appeared distant from a cue site. 
B)  reduced when targets appeared within a cued object compared to within an adjacent object. 
C)  increased when targets appeared within a cued object compared to within an adjacent object. 
D)  increased when targets appeared at the site of a prior cue than if they appeared distant from a cue site. 
A)  reduced when targets appeared at the site of a prior cue than if they appeared distant from a cue site. 
B)  reduced when targets appeared within a cued object compared to within an adjacent object. 
C)  increased when targets appeared within a cued object compared to within an adjacent object. 
D)  increased when targets appeared at the site of a prior cue than if they appeared distant from a cue site.

Question 8

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

Accepted Answer

A)  The word "house" 
B)  Their spouse's first name 
C)  The word "fire" 
D)  The word "platypus" 
A)  The word "house" 
B)  Their spouse's first name 
C)  The word "fire" 
D)  The word "platypus"

Question 9

Define automatic processing.Describe the research by Shiffrin and Schneider, which showed how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously.In your description, clearly distinguish between consistent and varied mapping, both in terms of procedure and results.

Accepted Answer

Definition of an automatic process is a

Question 10

A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  weak signals can cause activation. 
B)  it takes a strong signal to cause activation. 
C)  all signals cause activation. 
D)  no signals cause activation. 
A)  weak signals can cause activation. 
B)  it takes a strong signal to cause activation. 
C)  all signals cause activation. 
D)  no signals cause activation.

Question 11

Scene schema is

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid movements of the eyes from one place to another in a scene. 
B)  short pauses of the eyes on points of interest in a scene. 
C)  how attention is distributed throughout a static scene. 
D)  knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene. 
A)  rapid movements of the eyes from one place to another in a scene. 
B)  short pauses of the eyes on points of interest in a scene. 
C)  how attention is distributed throughout a static scene. 
D)  knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene.

Question 12

Which of the following would likely be an input message into the detector in Broadbent's model?

Accepted Answer

A)  All messages selected by the filter 
B)  All messages within earshot 
C)  A message with a German accent 
D)  All sensory messages 
A)  All messages selected by the filter 
B)  All messages within earshot 
C)  A message with a German accent 
D)  All sensory messages

Question 13

The Stroop effect occurs when participants

Accepted Answer

A)  are told to divide their attention between colors and shapes. 
B)  try to name colors and ignore words. 
C)  try to select some incoming information based on meaning. 
D)  are told to shadow two messages simultaneously. 
A)  are told to divide their attention between colors and shapes. 
B)  try to name colors and ignore words. 
C)  try to select some incoming information based on meaning. 
D)  are told to shadow two messages simultaneously.

Question 14

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear 
B)  A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear 
C)  The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon 
D)  The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment 
A)  A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear 
B)  A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear 
C)  The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon 
D)  The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

Question 15

According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  feature analysis 
B)  focused attention 
C)  preattentive 
D)  letter analysis 
A)  feature analysis 
B)  focused attention 
C)  preattentive 
D)  letter analysis

Question 16

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early selection 
B)  Filtering 
C)  Channeling 
D)  Dichotic listening 
A)  Early selection 
B)  Filtering 
C)  Channeling 
D)  Dichotic listening

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning the "100-car naturalistic driving study" is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Video recorders created records of both what the drivers were doing and the views out the front and rear windows. 
B)  Pushing buttons on a cell phone was the least distracting activity drivers performed while driving. 
C)  Records showed that the majority of drivers were attentive to driving during the three seconds before a near crash but inattentive during the three seconds before an actual crash. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Video recorders created records of both what the drivers were doing and the views out the front and rear windows. 
B)  Pushing buttons on a cell phone was the least distracting activity drivers performed while driving. 
C)  Records showed that the majority of drivers were attentive to driving during the three seconds before a near crash but inattentive during the three seconds before an actual crash. 
D)  All of the above

Question 18

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

Accepted Answer

A)  the color and the name matched. 
B)  the color and the name differed. 
C)  the shape and the name matched. 
D)  the shape and the name differed. 
A)  the color and the name matched. 
B)  the color and the name differed. 
C)  the shape and the name matched. 
D)  the shape and the name differed.

Question 19

When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is

Accepted Answer

A)  silently following it mentally. 
B)  ignoring it while paying attention to another message. 
C)  saying the message out loud. 
D)  thinking about something closely related to the message. 
A)  silently following it mentally. 
B)  ignoring it while paying attention to another message. 
C)  saying the message out loud. 
D)  thinking about something closely related to the message.

Question 20

Location-based attention is when

Accepted Answer

A)  the enhancing effect of attention spreads throughout an object. 
B)  attention is divided across two or more tasks simultaneously. 
C)  people move their attention from one place to another. 
D)  attention affects an entire object, even if it is occluded by other objects. 
A)  the enhancing effect of attention spreads throughout an object. 
B)  attention is divided across two or more tasks simultaneously. 
C)  people move their attention from one place to another. 
D)  attention affects an entire object, even if it is occluded by other objects.

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention.

Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component?

Strayer and Johnston's (2001)experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" vs."handheld" cell phones found that

In the flanker compatibility procedure, flanker stimuli and target stimuli must necessarily differ in terms of

The use of an eye tracker can help reveal the shifting of one's attention.

Imagine we conducted a series of attention experiments.The idea that attention is associated with objects would be indicated if reaction time were

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

Define automatic processing.Describe the research by Shiffrin and Schneider, which showed how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously.In your description, clearly distinguish between consistent and varied mapping, both in terms of procedure and results.

A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that

Scene schema is

Which of the following would likely be an input message into the detector in Broadbent's model?

The Stroop effect occurs when participants

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the _____ stage.

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

Which of the following statements concerning the "100-car naturalistic driving study" is true?

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is

Location-based attention is when

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 4: Attention

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention.

Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component?

Strayer and Johnston's (2001)experiment involving simulated driving and the use of "hands-free" vs."handheld" cell phones found that

In the flanker compatibility procedure, flanker stimuli and target stimuli must necessarily differ in terms of

The use of an eye tracker can help reveal the shifting of one's attention.

Imagine we conducted a series of attention experiments.The idea that attention is associated with objects would be indicated if reaction time were

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?

Define automatic processing.Describe the research by Shiffrin and Schneider, which showed how practice can affect our ability to do multiple tasks simultaneously.In your description, clearly distinguish between consistent and varied mapping, both in terms of procedure and results.

A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that

Scene schema is

Which of the following would likely be an input message into the detector in Broadbent's model?

The Stroop effect occurs when participants

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the _____ stage.

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

Which of the following statements concerning the "100-car naturalistic driving study" is true?

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is

Location-based attention is when

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters