Question 1

Experiments that support the idea of early selection involve

Accepted Answer

A)  simple tasks. 
B)  high-load tasks. 
C)  low-load tasks. 
D)  extended practice. 
A)  simple tasks. 
B)  high-load tasks. 
C)  low-load tasks. 
D)  extended practice.

Question 2

The cocktail party effect is

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages. 
B)  the inability to pay attention to one message in the presence of competing messages. 
C)  the diminished awareness of information in a crowd. 
D)  the equal division of attention between competing messages. 
A)  the ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages. 
B)  the inability to pay attention to one message in the presence of competing messages. 
C)  the diminished awareness of information in a crowd. 
D)  the equal division of attention between competing messages.

Question 3

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

Accepted Answer

A)  woman with the umbrella was in motion, just like the players. 
B)  the umbrella was the same color as the floor. 
C)  participants were counting the number of ball passes. 
D)  participants were not asked if they saw anything unusual. 
A)  woman with the umbrella was in motion, just like the players. 
B)  the umbrella was the same color as the floor. 
C)  participants were counting the number of ball passes. 
D)  participants were not asked if they saw anything unusual.

Question 4

A dynamic environment, in which objects move throughout a scene, is likely to invoke ____ attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-load 
B)  divided 
C)  location-based 
D)  object-based 
A)  high-load 
B)  divided 
C)  location-based 
D)  object-based

Question 5

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Late selection 
B)  Stroop experiments 
C)  Precueing 
D)  Dictionary unit 
A)  Late selection 
B)  Stroop experiments 
C)  Precueing 
D)  Dictionary unit

Question 6

The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for

Accepted Answer

A)  modality. 
B)  meaning. 
C)  physical characteristics. 
D)  location. 
A)  modality. 
B)  meaning. 
C)  physical characteristics. 
D)  location.

Question 7

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room.A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV.Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list.Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Object-based 
B)  Early selection 
C)  Spotlight 
D)  Late selection 
A)  Object-based 
B)  Early selection 
C)  Spotlight 
D)  Late selection

Question 8

Automatic attraction of attention by a sudden visual or auditory stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)  covert attention. 
B)  exogenous attention. 
C)  endogenous attention. 
D)  an illusory conjunction. 
A)  covert attention. 
B)  exogenous attention. 
C)  endogenous attention. 
D)  an illusory conjunction.

Question 9

When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ____ areas.

Accepted Answer

A)  high-load 
B)  low-load 
C)  high-saliency 
D)  low-saliency 
A)  high-load 
B)  low-load 
C)  high-saliency 
D)  low-saliency

Question 10

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  practice. 
B)  the type of tasks. 
C)  the difficulty of the tasks. 
D)  task cueing. 
A)  practice. 
B)  the type of tasks. 
C)  the difficulty of the tasks. 
D)  task cueing.

Question 11

Controlled processing involves

Accepted Answer

A)  close attention. 
B)  ease in performing parallel tasks. 
C)  overlearning of tasks. 
D)  few cognitive resources. 
A)  close attention. 
B)  ease in performing parallel tasks. 
C)  overlearning of tasks. 
D)  few cognitive resources.

Question 12

Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention.The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project).According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  physical characteristics. 
B)  language. 
C)  meaning. 
D)  direction. 
A)  physical characteristics. 
B)  language. 
C)  meaning. 
D)  direction.

Question 13

In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of ____ when they were ____ of that word.

Accepted Answer

A)  letter pairs; aware 
B)  letter pairs; unaware 
C)  ambiguous sentences; aware 
D)  ambiguous sentences; unaware 
A)  letter pairs; aware 
B)  letter pairs; unaware 
C)  ambiguous sentences; aware 
D)  ambiguous sentences; unaware

Question 14

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

Accepted Answer

A)  the filtering step occurs before the meaning of the incoming information is analyzed. 
B)  the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store. 
C)  only a select set of environmental information enters the system. 
D)  incoming information is selected by the detector. 
A)  the filtering step occurs before the meaning of the incoming information is analyzed. 
B)  the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store. 
C)  only a select set of environmental information enters the system. 
D)  incoming information is selected by the detector.

Question 15

Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model, and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?

Accepted Answer

Treisman's model of selective attention,

Question 16

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Driving home while thinking about a problem at work 
B)  Reading a novel while walking on a treadmill 
C)  Humming a familiar song while washing dishes 
D)  Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle 
A)  Driving home while thinking about a problem at work 
B)  Reading a novel while walking on a treadmill 
C)  Humming a familiar song while washing dishes 
D)  Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle

Question 17

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the negative effect can be decreased by using "hands-free" units. 
B)  the problem with cell phones is that attention is distracted from the task of driving by the need to hold the phone and drive with one hand. 
C)  the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone. 
D)  both a and b are correct 
A)  the negative effect can be decreased by using "hands-free" units. 
B)  the problem with cell phones is that attention is distracted from the task of driving by the need to hold the phone and drive with one hand. 
C)  the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone. 
D)  both a and b are correct

Question 18

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier

Accepted Answer

A)  in the consistent-mapping condition. 
B)  in the variable-mapping condition. 
C)  in the high-load condition. 
D)  for the location-based task. 
A)  in the consistent-mapping condition. 
B)  in the variable-mapping condition. 
C)  in the high-load condition. 
D)  for the location-based task.

Question 19

In Klin and coworkers' research that investigated autistic reactions to the film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, autistic people primarily attended to ____ in the scene.

Accepted Answer

A)  objects 
B)  actions of the characters 
C)  the facial reactions of people 
D)  none of the above 
A)  objects 
B)  actions of the characters 
C)  the facial reactions of people 
D)  none of the above

Question 20

Dichotic listening occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  the same message is presented to the left and right ears. 
B)  different messages are presented to the left and right ears. 
C)  a message is presented to one ear, and a masking noise is presented to the other ear. 
D)  participants are asked to listen to a message and look at a visual stimulus, both at the same time. 
A)  the same message is presented to the left and right ears. 
B)  different messages are presented to the left and right ears. 
C)  a message is presented to one ear, and a masking noise is presented to the other ear. 
D)  participants are asked to listen to a message and look at a visual stimulus, both at the same time.

Experiments that support the idea of early selection involve

The cocktail party effect is

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

A dynamic environment, in which objects move throughout a scene, is likely to invoke ____ attention.

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for

Automatic attraction of attention by a sudden visual or auditory stimulus is called

When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ____ areas.

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Controlled processing involves

In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of when they were of that word.

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model, and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier

In Klin and coworkers' research that investigated autistic reactions to the film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, autistic people primarily attended to ____ in the scene.

Dichotic listening occurs when

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 4: Attention

Experiments that support the idea of early selection involve

The cocktail party effect is

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the

A dynamic environment, in which objects move throughout a scene, is likely to invoke ____ attention.

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for

Automatic attraction of attention by a sudden visual or auditory stimulus is called

When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ____ areas.

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Controlled processing involves

In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of ____ when they were ____ of that word.

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model, and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier

In Klin and coworkers' research that investigated autistic reactions to the film Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, autistic people primarily attended to ____ in the scene.

Dichotic listening occurs when

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Language

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of when they were of that word.