Question 1

Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts by

Accepted Answer

A) endosymbiosis. 
B) exocytosis. 
C) pinocytosis. 
D) mutation. 
E) natural selection. 
A) endosymbiosis. 
B) exocytosis. 
C) pinocytosis. 
D) mutation. 
E) natural selection.

Question 2

Prokaryotes were the only organisms for about _________ billion years after life began on Earth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prokaryotes were the only organisms for about...

Question 3

Of the following primitive Earth conditions and chemical reactions,which one do biochemists know was important to the formation of amino acids and subsequent formation of complex carbon molecules that are common to life?

Accepted Answer

A) There had to be a reducing atmosphere rather than one with oxygen,otherwise formation of those molecules would have been extremely difficult. 
B) There had to be an atmosphere with oxygen rather than a reducing atmosphere,otherwise formation of those molecules would have been extremely difficult. 
C) Cellular respiration was necessary for the reducing atmosphere to form,otherwise photosynthesis would not have been able to occur. 
D) Sulfide molecules from deep-sea vents interacted with available atmospheric oxygen,producing a reducing atmosphere that would have encouraged amino acid formation. 
E) Silicate surfaces provide excellent substrates for cellular respiration,thus increasing the available atmospheric oxygen,which in turn promoted evolution of inorganic molecules into animate forms. 
A) There had to be a reducing atmosphere rather than one with oxygen,otherwise formation of those molecules would have been extremely difficult. 
B) There had to be an atmosphere with oxygen rather than a reducing atmosphere,otherwise formation of those molecules would have been extremely difficult. 
C) Cellular respiration was necessary for the reducing atmosphere to form,otherwise photosynthesis would not have been able to occur. 
D) Sulfide molecules from deep-sea vents interacted with available atmospheric oxygen,producing a reducing atmosphere that would have encouraged amino acid formation. 
E) Silicate surfaces provide excellent substrates for cellular respiration,thus increasing the available atmospheric oxygen,which in turn promoted evolution of inorganic molecules into animate forms.

Question 4

In the taxonomic hierarchical system for grouping organisms,the next higher group to a family is

Accepted Answer

A) genus. 
B) order. 
C) class. 
D) species. 
E) phylum. 
A) genus. 
B) order. 
C) class. 
D) species. 
E) phylum.

Question 5

Molecular data indicates that land plants belong in the same ________ as green algae.

Accepted Answer

A) clade 
B) family 
C) kingdom 
D) order 
E) class 
A) clade 
B) family 
C) kingdom 
D) order 
E) class

Question 6

The hypothesis of __________ proposes that meteors or cosmic dust may have brought complex organic molecules to Earth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothesis of __________ proposes that meteors...

Question 7

Of the following,the largest,most inclusive grouping in the classification scheme is

Accepted Answer

A) genus. 
B) family. 
C) kingdom. 
D) class. 
E) order. 
A) genus. 
B) family. 
C) kingdom. 
D) class. 
E) order.

Question 8

The biological name of an organism in the binomial system contains two parts,the genus and the

Accepted Answer

A) species. 
B) phylum. 
C) kingdom. 
D) order. 
E) family. 
A) species. 
B) phylum. 
C) kingdom. 
D) order. 
E) family.

Question 9

Although the Archaebacteria were classified in the same group with the Bacteria,they are probably more closely related to the Eukarya.Which one of the following features do they share in common with the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) introns in some genes 
B) a branched membrane lipid structure 
C) several different RNA polymerases 
D) absence of nuclear envelope 
E) no peptidoglycan in cell walls 
A) introns in some genes 
B) a branched membrane lipid structure 
C) several different RNA polymerases 
D) absence of nuclear envelope 
E) no peptidoglycan in cell walls

Question 10

Lacking one of the criteria to be strictly classified as living units and containing fragments of eukaryotic genomes,the viruses are included in

Accepted Answer

A) bacteriA. 
B) protists. 
C) yeasts. 
D) prokaryotes. 
E) none of the kingdoms. 
A) bacteriA. 
B) protists. 
C) yeasts. 
D) prokaryotes. 
E) none of the kingdoms.

Question 11

Pinus in the scientific name Pinus ponderosa is the

Accepted Answer

A) phylum. 
B) class. 
C) family. 
D) genus. 
E) species. 
A) phylum. 
B) class. 
C) family. 
D) genus. 
E) species.

Question 12

The characteristics of life include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) complexity. 
B) homeostasis. 
C) multicellularity. 
D) sensitivity to environment. 
E) heredity. 
A) complexity. 
B) homeostasis. 
C) multicellularity. 
D) sensitivity to environment. 
E) heredity.

Question 13

It has been discovered that enzyme-like catalysis can be carried out not only by enzymes but also by

Accepted Answer

A) sugars. 
B) DNA. 
C) phospholipids. 
D) RNA. 
E) steroids. 
A) sugars. 
B) DNA. 
C) phospholipids. 
D) RNA. 
E) steroids.

Question 14

Segmentation is thought to have evolved three times,twice in protostomes and once in deuterstomes as seen in the

Accepted Answer

A) echinoderms. 
B) nematodes. 
C) flatworms. 
D) mollusks. 
E) chordates. 
A) echinoderms. 
B) nematodes. 
C) flatworms. 
D) mollusks. 
E) chordates.

Question 15

An organism has just been located and needs to be placed into one of the domains of life.The characteristics that have been reported are multicellular and autotrophic.Based on your knowledge,which domain should this organism be placed?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria. 
B) Archaea 
C) Bacteria 
D) Eukarya 
E) Virdiplantae 
A) Bacteria. 
B) Archaea 
C) Bacteria 
D) Eukarya 
E) Virdiplantae

Question 16

The age of the Earth according to modern estimations is

Accepted Answer

A) 8 billion years. 
B) 4.5 billion years. 
C) 3.5 billion years. 
D) 1.5 billion years. 
E) a few thousand years. 
A) 8 billion years. 
B) 4.5 billion years. 
C) 3.5 billion years. 
D) 1.5 billion years. 
E) a few thousand years.

Question 17

The oldest microfossils are of

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryotes. 
B) eukaryotes. 
C) insects. 
D) pollen grains. 
E) small animals. 
A) prokaryotes. 
B) eukaryotes. 
C) insects. 
D) pollen grains. 
E) small animals.

Question 18

Eutherians mammals are placed in four groups,a major split occurring between

Accepted Answer

A) North and South American clades. 
B) Australian and African clades. 
C) African and South American clades. 
D) marsupials and monotremes. 
E) Asian and North American clades. 
A) North and South American clades. 
B) Australian and African clades. 
C) African and South American clades. 
D) marsupials and monotremes. 
E) Asian and North American clades.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements about viruses is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses do not fit into biological classification schemes. 
B) The viral genome can consist of DNA or RNA. 
C) Viruses are considered detached fragments of prokaryotic genomes. 
D) A virus can only reproduce when within a host cell. 
E) Viruses are acellular. 
A) Viruses do not fit into biological classification schemes. 
B) The viral genome can consist of DNA or RNA. 
C) Viruses are considered detached fragments of prokaryotic genomes. 
D) A virus can only reproduce when within a host cell. 
E) Viruses are acellular.

Question 20

True multicellularity is a major characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes. 
B) animals and plants only. 
C) eukaryotes only. 
D) protists,plants,and animals. 
E) prokaryotes and protists. 
A) all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes. 
B) animals and plants only. 
C) eukaryotes only. 
D) protists,plants,and animals. 
E) prokaryotes and protists.

Exam 26: The Tree of Life

Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts by

Prokaryotes were the only organisms for about _________ billion years after life began on Earth.

Of the following primitive Earth conditions and chemical reactions,which one do biochemists know was important to the formation of amino acids and subsequent formation of complex carbon molecules that are common to life?

In the taxonomic hierarchical system for grouping organisms,the next higher group to a family is

Molecular data indicates that land plants belong in the same ________ as green algae.

The hypothesis of __________ proposes that meteors or cosmic dust may have brought complex organic molecules to Earth.

Of the following,the largest,most inclusive grouping in the classification scheme is

The biological name of an organism in the binomial system contains two parts,the genus and the

Although the Archaebacteria were classified in the same group with the Bacteria,they are probably more closely related to the Eukarya.Which one of the following features do they share in common with the bacteria?

Lacking one of the criteria to be strictly classified as living units and containing fragments of eukaryotic genomes,the viruses are included in

Pinus in the scientific name Pinus ponderosa is the

The characteristics of life include all of the following except

It has been discovered that enzyme-like catalysis can be carried out not only by enzymes but also by

Segmentation is thought to have evolved three times,twice in protostomes and once in deuterstomes as seen in the

An organism has just been located and needs to be placed into one of the domains of life.The characteristics that have been reported are multicellular and autotrophic.Based on your knowledge,which domain should this organism be placed?

The age of the Earth according to modern estimations is

The oldest microfossils are of

Eutherians mammals are placed in four groups,a major split occurring between

Which one of the following statements about viruses is false?

True multicellularity is a major characteristic of

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology