Question 1

Which of the following statements about MADS box genes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) MADS box genes code for a family of transcription factors. 
B) MADS box genes are widely distributed throughout eukaryotes. 
C) The MADS box region is highly divergent;other regions are highly conserved. 
D) MADS box genes establish the body plan in plants. 
E) MADS box genes code for a DNA binding motif. 
A) MADS box genes code for a family of transcription factors. 
B) MADS box genes are widely distributed throughout eukaryotes. 
C) The MADS box region is highly divergent;other regions are highly conserved. 
D) MADS box genes establish the body plan in plants. 
E) MADS box genes code for a DNA binding motif.

Question 2

Which of the following items does not clearly relate to the evolutionary paradox of development?

Accepted Answer

A) Closely related frogs can have very different patterns of development. 
B) Most developmental genes are highly conserved. 
C) Much of phenotypic variation is environmentally caused. 
D) The developmental "toolkit" consists of a relatively small number of genes. 
E) There is enormous diversity in organismal form and function. 
A) Closely related frogs can have very different patterns of development. 
B) Most developmental genes are highly conserved. 
C) Much of phenotypic variation is environmentally caused. 
D) The developmental "toolkit" consists of a relatively small number of genes. 
E) There is enormous diversity in organismal form and function.

Question 3

Experiments with ribbon worms and planaria have shown that

Accepted Answer

A) it is easy to hybridize the two species in nature. 
B) Pax6-related genes are not always required for eye regeneration. 
C) the DNA of each is sufficiently similar that they can be hybridized in a lab setting. 
D) their eyes are examples of convergent evolution. 
A) it is easy to hybridize the two species in nature. 
B) Pax6-related genes are not always required for eye regeneration. 
C) the DNA of each is sufficiently similar that they can be hybridized in a lab setting. 
D) their eyes are examples of convergent evolution.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the evolution of flower symmetry is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Daisies,roses,and tulips are flowers with radial symmetry. 
B) Some radially symmetric flowers have ancestors with bilaterally symmetric flowers. 
C) Having radially symmetric flowers is ancestral to having bilaterally symmetric flowers. 
D) All cases of flowers with bilateral symmetry involve the CYCLOIDIA (CY
C) gene. 
E) Bilateral symmetry in some flowers is a homoplastic character derived through convergent evolution. 
A) Daisies,roses,and tulips are flowers with radial symmetry. 
B) Some radially symmetric flowers have ancestors with bilaterally symmetric flowers. 
C) Having radially symmetric flowers is ancestral to having bilaterally symmetric flowers. 
D) All cases of flowers with bilateral symmetry involve the CYCLOIDIA (CY
C) gene. 
E) Bilateral symmetry in some flowers is a homoplastic character derived through convergent evolution.

Question 5

An alternation in the timing of a developmental event caused by a genetic mutation is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An alternation in the timing of a...

Question 6

The evolution of cauliflower and broccoli from wild cabbage is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) a single gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes. 
A) a single gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes.

Question 7

The evolution of flower symmetry is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) a new gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes. 
A) a new gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the initiation of limb development in tetrapods is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Forelimbs in birds and humans are homologous structures. 
B) The development of homologous structures usually involves activation of the same genes. 
C) Like Brachyury,Tbx5 has a T-box domain that codes for a transcription factor. 
D) Tbx5 encoded protein turns on genes that initiate limb development. 
E) Four dimensions are involved in the development of limbs-three spatial dimensions and timE. 
A) Forelimbs in birds and humans are homologous structures. 
B) The development of homologous structures usually involves activation of the same genes. 
C) Like Brachyury,Tbx5 has a T-box domain that codes for a transcription factor. 
D) Tbx5 encoded protein turns on genes that initiate limb development. 
E) Four dimensions are involved in the development of limbs-three spatial dimensions and timE.

Question 9

Genes with similar sequences in two different species of organisms,such as humans and mice

Accepted Answer

A) produce essentially identical products that have essentially identical functions. 
B) may produce products that have slightly to dramatically different functions. 
C) almost always have completely different functions in the two species. 
D) there is no way of predicting whether the gene will function the same way or differently. 
E) are nearly always nonfunctional or "nonsense" DNA in one of the species,present only as a transposon. 
A) produce essentially identical products that have essentially identical functions. 
B) may produce products that have slightly to dramatically different functions. 
C) almost always have completely different functions in the two species. 
D) there is no way of predicting whether the gene will function the same way or differently. 
E) are nearly always nonfunctional or "nonsense" DNA in one of the species,present only as a transposon.

Question 10

The evolution of petals through the AP3 gene is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) a new gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes. 
A) a new gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes.

Question 11

Regarding genome sequences and organismal development,it is important to remember that

Accepted Answer

A) development occurs almost exactly the same way in closely related species. 
B) development takes longer in some species than in others,and this time factor is important. 
C) gene sequence within a chromosome determines the timing of the gene expression. 
D) timing plays an important part in genome sequencing. 
E) changing the timing of gene expression can have dramatic changes in development. 
A) development occurs almost exactly the same way in closely related species. 
B) development takes longer in some species than in others,and this time factor is important. 
C) gene sequence within a chromosome determines the timing of the gene expression. 
D) timing plays an important part in genome sequencing. 
E) changing the timing of gene expression can have dramatic changes in development.

Question 12

Another name for analogous structures is _________________ structures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another name for analogous structures is _________________...

Question 13

A major biological paradox is that genes are generally highly conserved and yet

Accepted Answer

A) there is very little difference among life forms existing today. 
B) there is so much diversity among life forms existing today. 
C) there are a huge number of ancestral genomes no matter how far back we look. 
D) there are essentially identical development patterns in all species. 
E) there is very little research into genomic sequences. 
A) there is very little difference among life forms existing today. 
B) there is so much diversity among life forms existing today. 
C) there are a huge number of ancestral genomes no matter how far back we look. 
D) there are essentially identical development patterns in all species. 
E) there is very little research into genomic sequences.

Question 14

A plant with its floral structures arranged around a central axis has _________________ flowers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A plant with its floral structures arranged...

Question 15

A gene that triggers lens formation in the eyes of both vertebrates and insects is the _________________ gene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A gene that triggers lens formation in...

Question 16

The transformation of one body part into another caused by genetic mutation is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The transformation of one body part into...

Question 17

In the change from indirect development to direct development in sea urchins all of the following items are lost except

Accepted Answer

A) pluteus larvA. 
B) metamorphosis. 
C) planktonic stage. 
D) developmental genes. 
E) stage with bilateral symmetry. 
A) pluteus larvA. 
B) metamorphosis. 
C) planktonic stage. 
D) developmental genes. 
E) stage with bilateral symmetry.

Question 18

A protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region in order to regulate complementary RNA production is called a _________________ factor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A protein that binds DNA at a...

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the evolution of eye development in the ribbon worm (Lineus sanquineus)and planaria is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Inactivating Pax6-related genes in planaria suppresses eyespot formation. 
B) Pax6-related genes are not expressed in regeneration experiments with planaria. 
C) A Pax6 homolog has been cloned in the ribbon worm. 
D) The Pax6 homolog gene in the ribbon worm is expressed at sites where eyespots will develop. 
E) Regeneration experiments involving expression of Pax6-related genes give different results in ribbon worm and planaria. 
A) Inactivating Pax6-related genes in planaria suppresses eyespot formation. 
B) Pax6-related genes are not expressed in regeneration experiments with planaria. 
C) A Pax6 homolog has been cloned in the ribbon worm. 
D) The Pax6 homolog gene in the ribbon worm is expressed at sites where eyespots will develop. 
E) Regeneration experiments involving expression of Pax6-related genes give different results in ribbon worm and planaria.

Question 20

The evolution of eyespots on butterfly wings shows that they were adapted from different genes in different species.This is an example of _________________ evolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The evolution of eyespots on butterfly wings...

Exam 25: Evolution of Development

Which of the following statements about MADS box genes is false?

Which of the following items does not clearly relate to the evolutionary paradox of development?

Experiments with ribbon worms and planaria have shown that

Which of the following statements about the evolution of flower symmetry is false?

An alternation in the timing of a developmental event caused by a genetic mutation is called _________________.

The evolution of cauliflower and broccoli from wild cabbage is best explained by

The evolution of flower symmetry is best explained by

Which of the following statements about the initiation of limb development in tetrapods is false?

Genes with similar sequences in two different species of organisms,such as humans and mice

The evolution of petals through the AP3 gene is best explained by

Regarding genome sequences and organismal development,it is important to remember that

Another name for analogous structures is _________________ structures.

A major biological paradox is that genes are generally highly conserved and yet

A plant with its floral structures arranged around a central axis has _________________ flowers.

A gene that triggers lens formation in the eyes of both vertebrates and insects is the _________________ gene.

The transformation of one body part into another caused by genetic mutation is called _________________.

In the change from indirect development to direct development in sea urchins all of the following items are lost except

A protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region in order to regulate complementary RNA production is called a _________________ factor.

Which of the following statements about the evolution of eye development in the ribbon worm (Lineus sanquineus)and planaria is false?

The evolution of eyespots on butterfly wings shows that they were adapted from different genes in different species.This is an example of _________________ evolution.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Genome Evolution

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology