Question 1

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 2 and 4 
D) 6 and 4 
E) 6 and 5 
A) 1 and 4 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 2 and 4 
D) 6 and 4 
E) 6 and 5

Question 2

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be __________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows these three groups share a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The behavior of parental care exhibited by...

Question 3

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 6 
B) 1 and 4 
C) 4 and 6 
D) 2 and 3 
E) 6 and 3 
A) 1 and 6 
B) 1 and 4 
C) 4 and 6 
D) 2 and 3 
E) 6 and 3

Question 4

A group is considered polyphyletic if

Accepted Answer

A) all members of the group share a common ancestor. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
E) it is the most parsimonious grouping. 
A) all members of the group share a common ancestor. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
E) it is the most parsimonious grouping.

Question 5

Character states shared by the ancestor or outgroup of a clade are called

Accepted Answer

A) derived traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
E) symplesiomorphies. 
A) derived traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
E) symplesiomorphies.

Question 6

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 7

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ___________ structures as the fossil record shows saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saber teeth found in different groups of...

Question 8

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of species richness in herbivorous beetles is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The cladogram of the major group of herbivorous beetles,shows that clades specialized for feeding on conifers are located deeper in the cladogram than those specialized for feeding on angiosperms. 
B) The cladogram of the major group of herbivorous beetles,shows that those clades specialized for feeding on angiosperms are more recent than those specialized for feeding on conifers. 
C) Many beetle clades have been very conservative in what plants they will consume. 
D) The great species richness of the angiosperms may have caused the great species richness of herbivorous beetles. 
E) The multiple,independent evolution of herbivory in beetles is closely linked to their great species richness. 
A) The cladogram of the major group of herbivorous beetles,shows that clades specialized for feeding on conifers are located deeper in the cladogram than those specialized for feeding on angiosperms. 
B) The cladogram of the major group of herbivorous beetles,shows that those clades specialized for feeding on angiosperms are more recent than those specialized for feeding on conifers. 
C) Many beetle clades have been very conservative in what plants they will consume. 
D) The great species richness of the angiosperms may have caused the great species richness of herbivorous beetles. 
E) The multiple,independent evolution of herbivory in beetles is closely linked to their great species richness.

Question 9

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ______________ characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) homologous 
B) homoplastic 
C) adaptive 
D) derived 
E) ancestral 
A) homologous 
B) homoplastic 
C) adaptive 
D) derived 
E) ancestral

Question 10

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ______________ group consists of the most...

Question 11

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Based on this cladogram,which species could be considered the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 12

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Accepted Answer

A) homologous characters. 
B) homoplastic characters. 
C) ancestral characters. 
D) derived characters. 
E) novel characters. 
A) homologous characters. 
B) homoplastic characters. 
C) ancestral characters. 
D) derived characters. 
E) novel characters.

Question 13

Which one of the following statements about molecular clocks is false?

Accepted Answer

A) All molecular clocks tick at the same rate. 
B) Molecular clocks can be calibrated using fossil evidence. 
C) The rate of a molecular clock for a given DNA character might vary depending on how constrained the character is by natural selection. 
D) Ultimately,all molecular clocks depend on the rate of DNA mutation and DNA repair mechanisms. 
A) All molecular clocks tick at the same rate. 
B) Molecular clocks can be calibrated using fossil evidence. 
C) The rate of a molecular clock for a given DNA character might vary depending on how constrained the character is by natural selection. 
D) Ultimately,all molecular clocks depend on the rate of DNA mutation and DNA repair mechanisms.

Question 14

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 15

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Based on this cladogram,which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.For the species shown,which trait is represented by the greatest number of plesiomorphies?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 17

The biological specialty that deals with the study of evolutionary relationships is called __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The biological specialty that deals with the...

Question 18

Which of the following statements is accurate about the chart of morphological data? The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.

Accepted Answer

A) All organisms in this chart share all of the derived characteristics. 
B) Only the gorilla and humans share all of the derived characteristics. 
C) The lamprey is the only outgroup since it shares none of the derived characteristics. 
D) The salamander and the tiger are outgroups because they only share two of the derived characteristics (jaws and lungs). 
E) The shark is an outgroup since it only has one of the derived characteristics (jaws). 
A) All organisms in this chart share all of the derived characteristics. 
B) Only the gorilla and humans share all of the derived characteristics. 
C) The lamprey is the only outgroup since it shares none of the derived characteristics. 
D) The salamander and the tiger are outgroups because they only share two of the derived characteristics (jaws and lungs). 
E) The shark is an outgroup since it only has one of the derived characteristics (jaws).

Question 19

Parental care in dinosaurs,crocodiles,and birds is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
E) homology caused by common descent. 
A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
E) homology caused by common descent.

Question 20

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6

Exam 23: Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be __________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows these three groups share a common ancestor.

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

A group is considered polyphyletic if

Character states shared by the ancestor or outgroup of a clade are called

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ___________ structures as the fossil record shows saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of species richness in herbivorous beetles is false?

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ______________ characteristics.

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Based on this cladogram,which species could be considered the outgroup?

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Which one of the following statements about molecular clocks is false?

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Based on this cladogram,which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.For the species shown,which trait is represented by the greatest number of plesiomorphies?

The biological specialty that deals with the study of evolutionary relationships is called __________.

Which of the following statements is accurate about the chart of morphological data? The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.

Parental care in dinosaurs,crocodiles,and birds is an example of

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Tree of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Overview of Green Plants

Fungi

Overview of Animal Diversity

Noncoelomate Invertebrates

Coelomate Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Form

Vegetative Plant Development

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Population Ecology

Community of Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology