Question 1

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

Accepted Answer

A) measles. 
B) bubonic plague. 
C) rabies. 
D) smallpox. 
A) measles. 
B) bubonic plague. 
C) rabies. 
D) smallpox.

Question 2

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

Accepted Answer

A) direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B) complement fixation test. 
C) radioimmunoassay. 
D) indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
E) indirect ELISA,Western blot,AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
A) direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B) complement fixation test. 
C) radioimmunoassay. 
D) indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
E) indirect ELISA,Western blot,AND indirect fluorescent antibody tests.

Question 3

The serology test that may show the antigen-antibody complex as yellow-green under the microscope while using an ultraviolet light is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) Western blot. 
B) fluorescent antibody test. 
C) ELISA test. 
D) agglutination test. 
A) Western blot. 
B) fluorescent antibody test. 
C) ELISA test. 
D) agglutination test.

Question 4

A monoclonal antibody is typically IgE and recognizes several epitopes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Attenuated agents are

Accepted Answer

A) dead viruses. 
B) toxins. 
C) weakened but replicating microbes. 
D) parts of an organism. 
A) dead viruses. 
B) toxins. 
C) weakened but replicating microbes. 
D) parts of an organism.

Question 6

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

Accepted Answer

A) primary substances. 
B) secondary substances. 
C) adjuvants. 
D) adjuncts. 
A) primary substances. 
B) secondary substances. 
C) adjuvants. 
D) adjuncts.

Question 7

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Monoclonal antibodies

Accepted Answer

A) are usually of different classes. 
B) usually recognize several epitopes. 
C) have the same variable regions. 
D) are always IgE. 
A) are usually of different classes. 
B) usually recognize several epitopes. 
C) have the same variable regions. 
D) are always IgE.

Question 9

The vaccine that is stable to heat,has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) inactive vaccine. 
B) active vaccine. 
C) toxoid. 
D) peptide. 
A) inactive vaccine. 
B) active vaccine. 
C) toxoid. 
D) peptide.

Question 10

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the United States,why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

Accepted Answer

A) If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination,our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time. 
B) There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the United States,sparking an outbreak of new infections,if we aren't all properly vaccinated. 
C) By keeping the population vaccinated,we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low.This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children,pregnant women,immunocompromised individuals,the elderly). 
D) Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious,and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne)transmission.This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible.Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility. 
E) All of the options are correct. 
A) If we lose herd immunity by removing mandatory vaccination,our population will become susceptible to these illnesses again in a short period of time. 
B) There is always the likelihood that an individual from another country could import one of these illnesses into the United States,sparking an outbreak of new infections,if we aren't all properly vaccinated. 
C) By keeping the population vaccinated,we keep incidence rates of these illnesses very low.This helps to protect people that cannot be vaccinated (very young children,pregnant women,immunocompromised individuals,the elderly). 
D) Many of these diseases are HIGHLY contagious,and commonly through respiratory droplet (airborne)transmission.This makes an outbreak within a susceptible population very possible.Keeping the population resistant through mandatory vaccination prevents this possibility. 
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 11

What would be a primary advantage of passive immunity with diseases such as tetanus or botulism?

Accepted Answer

A) Time.You can quickly neutralize the toxin with a passive administration of antibodies to save the patient's life when none is available for them to make their own active immune response. 
B) Cost.It's far cheaper to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine. 
C) Safety of delivery.It's far safer to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine. 
D) Handling of treatment.It's difficult to keep vaccines stored properly to keep their potency,especially in Third World countries without adequate "cold chains" for transport into jungles and deserts.It's much easier to keep a batch of antibodies stable,even in extremes of heat and humidity. 
A) Time.You can quickly neutralize the toxin with a passive administration of antibodies to save the patient's life when none is available for them to make their own active immune response. 
B) Cost.It's far cheaper to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine. 
C) Safety of delivery.It's far safer to administer a dose of antibodies harvested from the serum of an actively immunized animal or human than it is to administer a vaccine. 
D) Handling of treatment.It's difficult to keep vaccines stored properly to keep their potency,especially in Third World countries without adequate "cold chains" for transport into jungles and deserts.It's much easier to keep a batch of antibodies stable,even in extremes of heat and humidity.

Question 12

An adjuvant has been developed from lipid

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) IgA 
B) IgG 
C) IgM 
D) IgD 
A) IgA 
B) IgG 
C) IgM 
D) IgD

Question 14

The Salk vaccine

Accepted Answer

A) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection. 
B) protects only against gastrointestinal infection. 
C) is a subunit vaccine. 
D) protects only against nervous system infection. 
E) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine. 
A) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection. 
B) protects only against gastrointestinal infection. 
C) is a subunit vaccine. 
D) protects only against nervous system infection. 
E) protects against nervous system and gastrointestinal infection AND is a subunit vaccine.

Question 15

DNA vaccines work by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating production of antibodies against DNA. 
B) stimulating interferon production. 
C) inactivating the host DNA. 
D) having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen. 
A) stimulating production of antibodies against DNA. 
B) stimulating interferon production. 
C) inactivating the host DNA. 
D) having the cell use the introduced DNA to make the microbial protein antigen.

Question 16

Inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Precipitation reactions depend on

Accepted Answer

A) the antigen having one epitope. 
B) the antibody having one epitope. 
C) the antigen having two or more epitopes. 
D) the antigen having no epitopes. 
A) the antigen having one epitope. 
B) the antibody having one epitope. 
C) the antigen having two or more epitopes. 
D) the antigen having no epitopes.

Question 18

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Accepted Answer

A) acquired immunity. 
B) memory immunity. 
C) vaccination. 
D) hypersensitivity. 
A) acquired immunity. 
B) memory immunity. 
C) vaccination. 
D) hypersensitivity.

Question 19

Immunodiffusion tests

Accepted Answer

A) allow detection of specific antigens. 
B) are a simple method that produces visible results in the zone of optimal proportion. 
C) allow quantitation of antigen concentrations. 
D) All of the choices are correct. 
A) allow detection of specific antigens. 
B) are a simple method that produces visible results in the zone of optimal proportion. 
C) allow quantitation of antigen concentrations. 
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in

Accepted Answer

A) 1900. 
B) 1950. 
C) 1965. 
D) 1977. 
E) 1989. 
A) 1900. 
B) 1950. 
C) 1965. 
D) 1977. 
E) 1989.

Exam 18: Applications of Immune Responses

Variolation is a procedure once used to protect against

Anti-human-gamma-globulin antiserum is often used in

The serology test that may show the antigen-antibody complex as yellow-green under the microscope while using an ultraviolet light is known as the

A monoclonal antibody is typically IgE and recognizes several epitopes.

Attenuated agents are

Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called

The risk of serious illness from measles is 500 times greater than from vaccination against the disease.

Monoclonal antibodies

The vaccine that is stable to heat,has little unwanted material and causes minimal side effects is called a(n)

Since many childhood diseases such as mumps and measles are rare now within the United States,why is it still important for children to be immunized against them?

What would be a primary advantage of passive immunity with diseases such as tetanus or botulism?

An adjuvant has been developed from lipid

Which antibodies cross the placenta and protect the fetus?

The Salk vaccine

DNA vaccines work by

Inactivated vaccines typically require booster shots.

Precipitation reactions depend on

The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called

Immunodiffusion tests

The last case of naturally contracted smallpox occurred in

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

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