Exam 9: Gene Expression and Gene Regulation

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the ____ and the results of chemical modifications and other processing events.

George Beadle and Edward Tatum discovered the key step in showing that genes produce ____________________ through the action of proteins.

During the elongation step of translation,____.

The process of turning genes on and off is called ____________________.

The tertiary structure of a protein is ____.

The RNA molecule involved in both transcription and translation is ____________________.

Outline the series of steps that transfers genetic information from the linear sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule into the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.

The secondary structure of a protein forms ____.

____ nucleotides form the code for one amino acid.

Proteins are composed of subunits called ____ linked together by chemical bonds.

Translation begins when the DNA in a chromosome unwinds and one strand is used as a template to make a pre-mRNA molecule.

Explain why vegetarians and vegans might be deficient in some amino acids.

The primary structure of a protein is the ____________________ in a polypeptide chain.

The set of proteins in a particular cell type is always equal to the number of genes in the genome.

mRNA is made up of introns that have been spliced together.

A mechanism of gene regulation that controls the amount of mRNA available for translation is called ____________________.

Cytoplasmic organelles composed of two subunits,one large and one small,which are the sites of polypeptide synthesis are called ____________________.

Prion diseases are always fatal and there is no treatment.

In the process of initiation,RNA polymerase and several regulatory proteins bind to a(n)____________________ that marks the beginning of a gene.

The process of post-transcriptional gene silencing triggered by micro-RNA molecules that stop translation is called ____.