Question 1

Sociocultural theory,developed by __________,stresses children's active involvement with their environment as the process by which they acquire cognitive skills.

Accepted Answer

A)  Urie Bronfenbrenner 
B)  Jean Piaget 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Margaret Mead 
A)  Urie Bronfenbrenner 
B)  Jean Piaget 
C)  Lev Vygotsky 
D)  Margaret Mead

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the interrelated principles developed by Piaget to explain the gradual development of a child's mental processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organization 
B)  Adaptation 
C)  Equilibration 
D)  Unconscious processing 
A)  Organization 
B)  Adaptation 
C)  Equilibration 
D)  Unconscious processing

Question 3

A plan for conducting a scientific investigation is a

Accepted Answer

A)  research design. 
B)  hypothetical study. 
C)  scientific project. 
D)  research grant. 
A)  research design. 
B)  hypothetical study. 
C)  scientific project. 
D)  research grant.

Question 4

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the first stage of development,which occurs during infancy,is

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  initiative versus guilt. 
D)  industry versus inferiority. 
A)  trust versus mistrust. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  initiative versus guilt. 
D)  industry versus inferiority.

Question 5

When little Sasha calls her neighbor's dog "Kitty," she is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation. 
B)  accommodation. 
C)  insight. 
D)  accelerated cognitive development. 
A)  assimilation. 
B)  accommodation. 
C)  insight. 
D)  accelerated cognitive development.

Question 6

An in-depth case study of a culture or subculture is an __________ study.

Accepted Answer

A)  enculturation 
B)  ethnographic 
C)  acculturation 
D)  ethnic 
A)  enculturation 
B)  ethnographic 
C)  acculturation 
D)  ethnic

Question 7

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

Accepted Answer

A)  id. 
B)  ego. 
C)  superego. 
D)  defense mechanism. 
A)  id. 
B)  ego. 
C)  superego. 
D)  defense mechanism.

Question 8

"If children learn aggression from models,then children who watch violent television shows should be more aggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows." This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  theory. 
B)  finding. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  conclusion. 
A)  theory. 
B)  finding. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  conclusion.

Question 9

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  questionnaire. 
B)  correlation. 
C)  experiment. 
D)  case study. 
A)  questionnaire. 
B)  correlation. 
C)  experiment. 
D)  case study.

Question 10

One commonly used type of written interview is a

Accepted Answer

A)  diary. 
B)  case study. 
C)  questionnaire. 
D)  journal. 
A)  diary. 
B)  case study. 
C)  questionnaire. 
D)  journal.

Question 11

Define operational definition and discuss how it is used in research.

Accepted Answer

An operational definition is a clear and

Question 12

Which of the following statements about theories is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories change to incorporate new findings. 
B)  Theories are based on certain assumptions. 
C)  Theories and research are interwoven. 
D)  All of these. 
A)  Theories change to incorporate new findings. 
B)  Theories are based on certain assumptions. 
C)  Theories and research are interwoven. 
D)  All of these.

Question 13

A major limitation of both longitudinal and sequential designs is

Accepted Answer

A)  observer bias. 
B)  participant attrition. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecies. 
A)  observer bias. 
B)  participant attrition. 
C)  experimenter bias. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecies.

Question 14

If Troy's behavior is viewed as active and self-determining,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic 
B)  mechanistic 
C)  organismic 
D)  maturationistic 
A)  naturalistic 
B)  mechanistic 
C)  organismic 
D)  maturationistic

Question 15

In developing his psychoanalytic theory,Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time.This technique is referred to as the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory observation 
B)  interview 
C)  experimental 
D)  case study 
A)  laboratory observation 
B)  interview 
C)  experimental 
D)  case study

Question 16

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Ivan Pavlov. 
C)  Albert Bandura. 
D)  Erik Erikson. 
A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Ivan Pavlov. 
C)  Albert Bandura. 
D)  Erik Erikson.

Question 17

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

Accepted Answer

A)  more flexible than other methods. 
B)  more generalized than other methods. 
C)  more descriptive of real-life events. 
D)  better able to determine cause and effect. 
A)  more flexible than other methods. 
B)  more generalized than other methods. 
C)  more descriptive of real-life events. 
D)  better able to determine cause and effect.

Question 18

Pauline is in her fourth stage of development according to the developmental stage theory that Erikson put forth.Under normal conditions,if Pauline lives into old age,in how many stages will she ultimately participate?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  12 
A)  3 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  12

Question 19

Which of the following methods was designed to deal with the disadvantages of both the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life-span sampling 
B)  Clinical 
C)  Sequential study 
D)  Behavior-sampling 
A)  Life-span sampling 
B)  Clinical 
C)  Sequential study 
D)  Behavior-sampling

Question 20

In a study of the effects of behavior modeling,one group of children observes role models who share toys; another group observes role models whose behavior is neutral (neither initiating sharing nor refusing to share).What is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observing role models who share or don't share 
B)  Observing negative role models 
C)  The group with neutral role models 
D)  The group with sharing role models 
A)  Observing role models who share or don't share 
B)  Observing negative role models 
C)  The group with neutral role models 
D)  The group with sharing role models

Sociocultural theory,developed by __________,stresses children's active involvement with their environment as the process by which they acquire cognitive skills.

Which of the following is NOT one of the interrelated principles developed by Piaget to explain the gradual development of a child's mental processes?

A plan for conducting a scientific investigation is a

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the first stage of development,which occurs during infancy,is

When little Sasha calls her neighbor's dog "Kitty," she is exhibiting

An in-depth case study of a culture or subculture is an __________ study.

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

"If children learn aggression from models,then children who watch violent television shows should be more aggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows." This is an example of a

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

One commonly used type of written interview is a

Define operational definition and discuss how it is used in research.

Which of the following statements about theories is true?

A major limitation of both longitudinal and sequential designs is

If Troy's behavior is viewed as active and self-determining,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

In developing his psychoanalytic theory,Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time.This technique is referred to as the __________ approach.

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

Pauline is in her fourth stage of development according to the developmental stage theory that Erikson put forth.Under normal conditions,if Pauline lives into old age,in how many stages will she ultimately participate?

Which of the following methods was designed to deal with the disadvantages of both the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs?

In a study of the effects of behavior modeling,one group of children observes role models who share toys; another group observes role models whose behavior is neutral (neither initiating sharing nor refusing to share).What is the independent variable?

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

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Exam 2: Theory and Research

Sociocultural theory,developed by __________,stresses children's active involvement with their environment as the process by which they acquire cognitive skills.

Which of the following is NOT one of the interrelated principles developed by Piaget to explain the gradual development of a child's mental processes?

A plan for conducting a scientific investigation is a

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory,the first stage of development,which occurs during infancy,is

When little Sasha calls her neighbor's dog "Kitty," she is exhibiting

An in-depth case study of a culture or subculture is an __________ study.

Christa,a rather demonstrative 7-year-old,hits her brother for laughing at her and feels guilty about it afterward.According to Freud,Christa's guilty feelings reflect the operation of the

"If children learn aggression from models,then children who watch violent television shows should be more aggressive than children who watch nonviolent shows." This is an example of a

A researcher who wants to find out if a statistical relationship exists between variables should use a(n)

One commonly used type of written interview is a

Define operational definition and discuss how it is used in research.

Which of the following statements about theories is true?

A major limitation of both longitudinal and sequential designs is

If Troy's behavior is viewed as active and self-determining,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

In developing his psychoanalytic theory,Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time.This technique is referred to as the __________ approach.

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by

The chief advantage of experimental methods is that they are

Pauline is in her fourth stage of development according to the developmental stage theory that Erikson put forth.Under normal conditions,if Pauline lives into old age,in how many stages will she ultimately participate?

Which of the following methods was designed to deal with the disadvantages of both the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs?

In a study of the effects of behavior modeling,one group of children observes role models who share toys; another group observes role models whose behavior is neutral (neither initiating sharing nor refusing to share).What is the independent variable?

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

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