Question 1

Freud's theory on human development states that people develop in an unvarying sequence of maturationally determined stages of __________ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocial 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  psychoconscious 
D)  psychosexual 
A)  psychosocial 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  psychoconscious 
D)  psychosexual

Question 2

List three research methods available to developmental researchers and explain the kinds of information they would be able to obtain by using each of these methods.

Accepted Answer

1. Observational research: This method i

Question 3

Unlike Freud's theory,Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

Accepted Answer

A)  sees society as a positive force. 
B)  focuses on biological instincts. 
C)  covers infancy and childhood but not adulthood. 
D)  has much in common with behaviorism. 
A)  sees society as a positive force. 
B)  focuses on biological instincts. 
C)  covers infancy and childhood but not adulthood. 
D)  has much in common with behaviorism.

Question 4

Reinforcement is most effective when it is __________ after the behavior it is designed to reinforce.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed 
B)  immediately 
C)  constant 
D)  aversive 
A)  delayed 
B)  immediately 
C)  constant 
D)  aversive

Question 5

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

Accepted Answer

A)  organismic 
B)  quantitative 
C)  mechanistic 
D)  behavioristic 
A)  organismic 
B)  quantitative 
C)  mechanistic 
D)  behavioristic

Question 6

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Pleasure principle 
D)  Reality principle 
A)  Classical conditioning 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Pleasure principle 
D)  Reality principle

Question 7

A girl receives an injection and cries.Each time she receives an injection again,the same nurse gives it.Her mother notices that the child now cries when she sees this nurse even if no injection is given.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  negative reinforcement. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 8

The quantitative changes,such as documenting the number of words added to a child's vocabulary,support which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mechanistic 
B)  Developmental 
C)  Qualitative 
D)  Organismic 
A)  Mechanistic 
B)  Developmental 
C)  Qualitative 
D)  Organismic

Question 9

According to Freud,during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.Freud called this development

Accepted Answer

A)  the Electra complex. 
B)  the unconscious complex. 
C)  the Oedipus complex. 
D)  regressing. 
A)  the Electra complex. 
B)  the unconscious complex. 
C)  the Oedipus complex. 
D)  regressing.

Question 10

Suppose you asked the following two questions of a group of 100 children: "How much time do your parents spend reading to you each day?" and "What are your grades in school?" You find that children whose parents read to them for more than one hour each day have better grades than children whose parents read to them for only a few minutes each day.What could you conclude from this pattern of data?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reading by parents causes children to do better in school. 
B)  Parental reading time and grades are positively correlated. 
C)  Parental reading time and grades are uncorrelated. 
D)  Better students cause their parents to spend more time reading to them. 
A)  Reading by parents causes children to do better in school. 
B)  Parental reading time and grades are positively correlated. 
C)  Parental reading time and grades are uncorrelated. 
D)  Better students cause their parents to spend more time reading to them.

Question 11

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic 
B)  mechanistic 
C)  organismic 
D)  maturationistic 
A)  naturalistic 
B)  mechanistic 
C)  organismic 
D)  maturationistic

Question 12

An in-depth study of an individual is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  case study. 
C)  interview. 
D)  experiment. 
A)  naturalistic observation. 
B)  case study. 
C)  interview. 
D)  experiment.

Question 13

According to the _________ perspective,people's actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing,painful,or threatening.

Accepted Answer

A)  organismic 
B)  behaviorism 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  humanistic 
A)  organismic 
B)  behaviorism 
C)  psychoanalytic 
D)  humanistic

Question 14

A problem associated with the interview method is that

Accepted Answer

A)  a single interview may give only a partial picture. 
B)  people are not always accurate or honest in answering questions. 
C)  interview reports may need to be confirmed by more objective research. 
D)  All of these 
A)  a single interview may give only a partial picture. 
B)  people are not always accurate or honest in answering questions. 
C)  interview reports may need to be confirmed by more objective research. 
D)  All of these

Question 15

Dr.Berry,who employs the ecological approach to human development,is studying the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the home and the success of children in school.Dr.Berry is studying development at the __________ level of environmental influence.

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem 
B)  mesosystem 
C)  exosystem 
D)  macrosystem 
A)  microsystem 
B)  mesosystem 
C)  exosystem 
D)  macrosystem

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with observational studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cannot determine cause and effect relationships. 
B)  The subjects may behave differently when they know they are being observed. 
C)  It is not possible to gain information regarding relationships between variables. 
D)  Laboratory studies may not generalize to real life. 
A)  They cannot determine cause and effect relationships. 
B)  The subjects may behave differently when they know they are being observed. 
C)  It is not possible to gain information regarding relationships between variables. 
D)  Laboratory studies may not generalize to real life.

Question 17

List and describe each of the five theoretical perspectives discussed in your text.

Accepted Answer

The five theoretical perspectives discus

Question 18

One of the criticisms of Freud's work is that he

Accepted Answer

A)  did not make us aware of the importance of unconscious thoughts. 
B)  focused too little on childhood feelings and experiences in motivation. 
C)  based his theories on patients and not the general population. 
D)  used too large a subject pool. 
A)  did not make us aware of the importance of unconscious thoughts. 
B)  focused too little on childhood feelings and experiences in motivation. 
C)  based his theories on patients and not the general population. 
D)  used too large a subject pool.

Question 19

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

Accepted Answer

A)  logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development. 
B)  facts derived from research. 
C)  research results that can prove behaviors. 
D)  opinions of a well-known authority in a field. 
A)  logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development. 
B)  facts derived from research. 
C)  research results that can prove behaviors. 
D)  opinions of a well-known authority in a field.

Question 20

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

Accepted Answer

A)  anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital. 
B)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. 
C)  anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic. 
D)  oral, latency, genital, anal, phallic. 
A)  anal, phallic, oral, latency, genital. 
B)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. 
C)  anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic. 
D)  oral, latency, genital, anal, phallic.

Freud's theory on human development states that people develop in an unvarying sequence of maturationally determined stages of __________ development.

List three research methods available to developmental researchers and explain the kinds of information they would be able to obtain by using each of these methods.

Unlike Freud's theory,Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

Reinforcement is most effective when it is __________ after the behavior it is designed to reinforce.

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

A girl receives an injection and cries.Each time she receives an injection again,the same nurse gives it.Her mother notices that the child now cries when she sees this nurse even if no injection is given.This is an example of

The quantitative changes,such as documenting the number of words added to a child's vocabulary,support which theory?

According to Freud,during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.Freud called this development

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

An in-depth study of an individual is a(n)

According to the _________ perspective,people's actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing,painful,or threatening.

A problem associated with the interview method is that

Dr.Berry,who employs the ecological approach to human development,is studying the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the home and the success of children in school.Dr.Berry is studying development at the __________ level of environmental influence.

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with observational studies?

List and describe each of the five theoretical perspectives discussed in your text.

One of the criticisms of Freud's work is that he

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

Filters

Exam 2: Theory and Research

Freud's theory on human development states that people develop in an unvarying sequence of maturationally determined stages of __________ development.

List three research methods available to developmental researchers and explain the kinds of information they would be able to obtain by using each of these methods.

Unlike Freud's theory,Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

Reinforcement is most effective when it is __________ after the behavior it is designed to reinforce.

Most of the early pioneers in psychology,such as Sigmund Freud,Erik Erikson,and Jean Piaget,favored the __________ perspective on human development,which views development as occurring in specific stages.

__________ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

A girl receives an injection and cries.Each time she receives an injection again,the same nurse gives it.Her mother notices that the child now cries when she sees this nurse even if no injection is given.This is an example of

The quantitative changes,such as documenting the number of words added to a child's vocabulary,support which theory?

According to Freud,during early childhood boys develop sexual attachment to their mothers.Freud called this development

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive,he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.

An in-depth study of an individual is a(n)

According to the _________ perspective,people's actions are reactions to aspects of their environment that they find pleasing,painful,or threatening.

A problem associated with the interview method is that

Dr.Berry,who employs the ecological approach to human development,is studying the relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions in the home and the success of children in school.Dr.Berry is studying development at the __________ level of environmental influence.

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with observational studies?

List and describe each of the five theoretical perspectives discussed in your text.

One of the criticisms of Freud's work is that he

In the study of human development,a theory is a set of

The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages of development is

The Study of Human Development

Forming a New Life

Birth and Physical Development During the First Three Years

Cognitive Development During the First Three Years

Psychosocial Development During the First Three Years

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Dealing With Death and Bereavement

Filters