Question 1

Which is a unique macromolecule present in some viruses that is a target for antiviral agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomes 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  reverse transcriptase 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  ribosomes 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  reverse transcriptase 
E)  cytoplasm D

Question 2

Some viral species may derive their __________ from intracellular membranes, such as the nuclear membrane or endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

A)  capsid 
B)  genome 
C)  envelope 
D)  neck 
E)  tail fibers 
A)  capsid 
B)  genome 
C)  envelope 
D)  neck 
E)  tail fibers C

Question 3

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  9 
A)  5 
B)  6 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  9 C

Question 4

The primary factor determining the life cycle of an animal virus is the physical form of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  envelope 
B)  capsid 
C)  genome 
D)  receptor 
E)  burst 
A)  envelope 
B)  capsid 
C)  genome 
D)  receptor 
E)  burst

Question 5

What is the advantage of symmetry in viral particles?

Accepted Answer

Symmetry provides a way to form a packag

Question 6

Tegument proteins may be found:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the capsid 
B)  between the capsid and envelope 
C)  in the envelope 
D)  in the nucleus 
E)  in the spikes 
A)  in the capsid 
B)  between the capsid and envelope 
C)  in the envelope 
D)  in the nucleus 
E)  in the spikes

Question 7

A key factor in the evolution of killer strains of influenza is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  only have 8 genes 
B)  have an RNA genome 
C)  contain reverse transcriptase 
D)  have a segmented genome 
E)  have a circular chromosome 
A)  only have 8 genes 
B)  have an RNA genome 
C)  contain reverse transcriptase 
D)  have a segmented genome 
E)  have a circular chromosome

Question 8

A __________ phage may integrate its genome into that of the host cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  lytic 
B)  temperate 
C)  viroid 
D)  asymmetrical 
E)  oncogenic 
A)  lytic 
B)  temperate 
C)  viroid 
D)  asymmetrical 
E)  oncogenic

Question 9

How does genome uncoating occur with animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

In extracellular uncoating, the virus at

Question 10

All of the following are true about the measles virus EXCEPT that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  is encased by an envelope of membrane 
B)  fuses with the host cell membrane during infection 
C)  has progeny that bud out of the host cell 
D)  generates a rash of red spots on the skin of infected patients 
E)  is never fatal 
A)  is encased by an envelope of membrane 
B)  fuses with the host cell membrane during infection 
C)  has progeny that bud out of the host cell 
D)  generates a rash of red spots on the skin of infected patients 
E)  is never fatal

Question 11

The number of virus particles released at lysis is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  lytic number 
B)  burst size 
C)  lysogenic number 
D)  temperate number 
E)  release number 
A)  lytic number 
B)  burst size 
C)  lysogenic number 
D)  temperate number 
E)  release number

Question 12

One of the first genes expressed by bacteriophage T4 encodes:

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNase 
B)  an RNase 
C)  a protease 
D)  the capsid 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  a DNase 
B)  an RNase 
C)  a protease 
D)  the capsid 
E)  ribosomes

Question 13

Define oncogenes, oncogenic viruses, and explain how they can be used in gene therapy.

Accepted Answer

Oncogenes are genes that are expressed c

Question 14

An open reading frame corresponds to a series of codons that are translated to amino acids producing a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA 
B)  protein 
C)  DNA 
D)  capsid 
E)  envelope 
A)  RNA 
B)  protein 
C)  DNA 
D)  capsid 
E)  envelope

Question 15

Mosaic genomes are genomes that are derived from different sources. How does this occur in viruses?

Accepted Answer

When different viruses coinfect a host,

Question 16

Why was the 2009 influenza virus called the swine flu? How was it transmitted and why were people so concerned?

Accepted Answer

It was called swine flu because some of

Question 17

Spontaneous __________ diseases can be inherited genetically.

Accepted Answer

A)  prion 
B)  viroid 
C)  virus 
D)  virion 
E)  bacterial 
A)  prion 
B)  viroid 
C)  virus 
D)  virion 
E)  bacterial

Question 18

Infectious agents for which the nucleic acid genome is itself the entire infectious particle are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prions 
B)  viroids 
C)  viruses 
D)  bacteria 
E)  virions 
A)  prions 
B)  viroids 
C)  viruses 
D)  bacteria 
E)  virions

Question 19

How can a virus be used in biotechnology to transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another?

Accepted Answer

In the process of transduction, a lysoge

Question 20

The destruction of cells as a result of viral lysis can be observed as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  tissue culture 
B)  lawn 
C)  soft agar 
D)  plaque 
E)  host 
A)  tissue culture 
B)  lawn 
C)  soft agar 
D)  plaque 
E)  host

Exam 6: Virus Structure and Function

Which is a unique macromolecule present in some viruses that is a target for antiviral agents?

Some viral species may derive their __________ from intracellular membranes, such as the nuclear membrane or endoplasmic reticulum.

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

The primary factor determining the life cycle of an animal virus is the physical form of the:

What is the advantage of symmetry in viral particles?

Tegument proteins may be found:

A key factor in the evolution of killer strains of influenza is that it:

A __________ phage may integrate its genome into that of the host cell.

How does genome uncoating occur with animal viruses?

All of the following are true about the measles virus EXCEPT that it:

The number of virus particles released at lysis is referred to as:

One of the first genes expressed by bacteriophage T4 encodes:

Define oncogenes, oncogenic viruses, and explain how they can be used in gene therapy.

An open reading frame corresponds to a series of codons that are translated to amino acids producing a/an:

Mosaic genomes are genomes that are derived from different sources. How does this occur in viruses?

Why was the 2009 influenza virus called the swine flu? How was it transmitted and why were people so concerned?

Spontaneous __________ diseases can be inherited genetically.

Infectious agents for which the nucleic acid genome is itself the entire infectious particle are called __________.

How can a virus be used in biotechnology to transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another?

The destruction of cells as a result of viral lysis can be observed as a:

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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