Exam 14: Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

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In seawater, sulfate is the most common anion after chloride. The following is correct with respect to the use of oxidized sulfate by some bacterial groups:

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Question 1

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What is photoheterotrophy? Give examples of photoheterotrophic organisms.

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Question 2

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The combination of light absorption to gain energy and heterotrophic use of organic molecules is called photoheterotrophy. Light capture does not replace catabolism for energy or heterotrophy for carbon sources, but it supplements them. Examples of photoheterotrophs include organisms with bacteriorhodopsin-bearing purple membranes, such as the haloarchaean Halobacterium salinarum.

In anaerobic soils, some yeasts and filamentous fungi can reduce nitrate to nitrite and nitrite to:

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Question 3

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What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

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Question 4

The proton motive force drives the following process in bacteria:

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Question 5

Neisseria species are known to use dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium. How can this reaction be used to distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other related species?

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Question 6

The following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis:

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Question 7

Which kind of ion gradient do extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize?

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Question 8

In Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

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Question 9

Enzymes transferring electrons at the start of the ETS are referred to as , whereas enzymes transferring electrons to the terminal electron acceptor are designated .

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Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a redox pair?

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Question 11

Which of the following can be used to measure $\Delta$ pH?

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Question 12

What is dissimilatory metal reduction? How is it different from assimilatory metal reduction?

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Question 13

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? How is ATP synthesized in bacteriorhodopsin-containing organisms?

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Question 14

What is the chromophore group in bacteriorhodopsin?

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Question 15

Describe the role of the thylakoids in purple bacteria. Why is it that pumping protons into the lumen is essentially equivalent to pumping protons out of the cell?

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Question 16

Which one of the following enzymes is embedded in the membrane as an ETS component?

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Question 17

The F₁F_o ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzymatic complex, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

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Question 18

Cyanobacteria have -based photosynthesis and are the only -producing bacteria.

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Question 19

Bacterial cells use various membrane pumps and metabolic pathways to adjust and maintain their proton motive force at a size sufficient to drive ATP synthesis and other processes. Why should the proton motive force (PMF) not be larger than necessary? Give an example of a factor affecting PMF generation.

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Question 20

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Exam 14: Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

In seawater, sulfate is the most common anion after chloride. The following is correct with respect to the use of oxidized sulfate by some bacterial groups:

What is photoheterotrophy? Give examples of photoheterotrophic organisms.

In anaerobic soils, some yeasts and filamentous fungi can reduce nitrate to nitrite and nitrite to:

What are methanotrophs? What is their role in the global carbon cycle?

The proton motive force drives the following process in bacteria:

Neisseria species are known to use dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium. How can this reaction be used to distinguish Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other related species?

The following is NOT correct about the process of methanogenesis:

Which kind of ion gradient do extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize?

In Rhodospirillum rubrum photosystem II, bacteriochloropyll P870 can absorb weak infrared wavelengths in the __________ range.

Enzymes transferring electrons at the start of the ETS are referred to as __________, whereas enzymes transferring electrons to the terminal electron acceptor are designated __________.

Which of the following is NOT a redox pair?

Which of the following can be used to measure Δ\DeltaΔ pH?

What is dissimilatory metal reduction? How is it different from assimilatory metal reduction?

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? How is ATP synthesized in bacteriorhodopsin-containing organisms?

What is the chromophore group in bacteriorhodopsin?

Describe the role of the thylakoids in purple bacteria. Why is it that pumping protons into the lumen is essentially equivalent to pumping protons out of the cell?

Which one of the following enzymes is embedded in the membrane as an ETS component?

The F1Fo ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzymatic complex, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Cyanobacteria have __________-based photosynthesis and are the only __________-producing bacteria.

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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Enzymes transferring electrons at the start of the ETS are referred to as , whereas enzymes transferring electrons to the terminal electron acceptor are designated .

Which of the following can be used to measure $\Delta$ pH?

The F₁F_o ATP synthase is a remarkably complex enzymatic complex, its subunit structure highly conserved across life domains. Is it possible to use this enzyme as an antibiotic target?

Cyanobacteria have -based photosynthesis and are the only -producing bacteria.