Question 1

Bacteria whose optimum growth temperature is 37°C and which produce copious amounts of polysaccharides and capsules are most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  opportunistic pathogen 
B)  etiology for septicemia 
C)  normal flora 
D)  marine organisms 
E)  probionts 
A)  opportunistic pathogen 
B)  etiology for septicemia 
C)  normal flora 
D)  marine organisms 
E)  probionts B

Question 2

The current classification of bacteria pili is based on the __________ rather than the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotype; function 
B)  function; amino acid sequence 
C)  protein sequence; phenotype 
D)  origin; protein sequence 
E)  size; phenotype 
A)  phenotype; function 
B)  function; amino acid sequence 
C)  protein sequence; phenotype 
D)  origin; protein sequence 
E)  size; phenotype C

Question 3

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about disease reservoirs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reservoirs are mammals or birds but not insects. 
B)  A vector can be the reservoir of a disease. 
C)  A reservoir is an integral part of the disease cycle. 
D)  Disease-control measures must consider the biological reservoir. 
E)  A reservoir is ultimately the source of infection in a population. 
A)  Reservoirs are mammals or birds but not insects. 
B)  A vector can be the reservoir of a disease. 
C)  A reservoir is an integral part of the disease cycle. 
D)  Disease-control measures must consider the biological reservoir. 
E)  A reservoir is ultimately the source of infection in a population. A

Question 4

Which of the following bacteria would you expect to cause the most severe blood disease in a susceptible host?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rapidly growing encapsulated bacteria 
B)  a flagellated acidophile 
C)  a biofilm-producing strain 
D)  a piliated slow -growing Gram negative 
E)  a halophilic psychrophile 
A)  a rapidly growing encapsulated bacteria 
B)  a flagellated acidophile 
C)  a biofilm-producing strain 
D)  a piliated slow -growing Gram negative 
E)  a halophilic psychrophile

Question 5

Distinguishing features of a pathogenicity island include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  genes are not expressed as operons 
B)  GC/AT ratio differs from the rest genome 
C)  residual phage genomes flank the island 
D)  they are often linked to tRNA 
E)  encode the sec III protein export systems 
A)  genes are not expressed as operons 
B)  GC/AT ratio differs from the rest genome 
C)  residual phage genomes flank the island 
D)  they are often linked to tRNA 
E)  encode the sec III protein export systems

Question 6

E. coli O157:H7 has a very low infectious dose because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is encapsulated 
B)  disease results from a synergistic action with Shigella 
C)  it is resistant to the gastric acid kill 
D)  the intestine has many receptors for the toxin 
E)  it secretes a superantigen 
A)  it is encapsulated 
B)  disease results from a synergistic action with Shigella 
C)  it is resistant to the gastric acid kill 
D)  the intestine has many receptors for the toxin 
E)  it secretes a superantigen

Question 7

The likely mode of transmission of a bacterial disease in which incidence increases with a prolonged, warm summer is:

Accepted Answer

A)  direct transmission 
B)  airborne transmission 
C)  insect vector transmission 
D)  common source fomite 
E)  sexual transmission 
A)  direct transmission 
B)  airborne transmission 
C)  insect vector transmission 
D)  common source fomite 
E)  sexual transmission

Question 8

What type of toxin is the alpha hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein synthesis inhibitor 
B)  protease 
C)  superantigen 
D)  cell membrane disruptor 
E)  second messenger pathway disruptor 
A)  protein synthesis inhibitor 
B)  protease 
C)  superantigen 
D)  cell membrane disruptor 
E)  second messenger pathway disruptor

Question 9

How does a pathogenicity island increase the "fitness" of a microorganism (pathogen) to interact with a host and cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Pathogenicity islands contain genes that

Question 10

What are the subunits of the Bacillus anthracis, plasmid-encoded toxin? Why is the EF and LF nontoxic to the host?.

Accepted Answer

The subunits of the tripartite toxin res

Question 11

Which of the following techniques will you use to identify unknown virulence genes that are only expressed in the host?

Accepted Answer

A)  in situ hybridization of cultured bacteria 
B)  creating genomic library of open reading frames of pathogen 
C)  mutational studies in vitro 
D)  culture techniques 
E)  in vivo expression technology 
A)  in situ hybridization of cultured bacteria 
B)  creating genomic library of open reading frames of pathogen 
C)  mutational studies in vitro 
D)  culture techniques 
E)  in vivo expression technology

Question 12

Urease is a virulence factor produced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  uropathogenic E. coli 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
E)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
A)  uropathogenic E. coli 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Bordetella pertussis 
D)  Helicobacter pylori 
E)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 13

Petechiae, which result from large amounts of endotoxin, are recognized as which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea 
B)  a pseudomembrane 
C)  elephantiasis 
D)  fever 
E)  a rash 
A)  diarrhea 
B)  a pseudomembrane 
C)  elephantiasis 
D)  fever 
E)  a rash

Question 14

Toxins with ADP ribosyltransferase activity cause which of the following results?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane pore formation 
B)  immune system activation 
C)  proteolytic degradation of host proteins 
D)  adenylate cyclase inhibition 
E)  inhibition of elongation factor 2 
A)  membrane pore formation 
B)  immune system activation 
C)  proteolytic degradation of host proteins 
D)  adenylate cyclase inhibition 
E)  inhibition of elongation factor 2

Question 15

During the latent stage of herpes virus infection:

Accepted Answer

A)  host cells rapidly undergo apoptosis causing cold sores 
B)  the viral genome exists as a plasmid in the cell 
C)  apoptosis is inhibited by small RNA encoded by virus 
D)  cold sores are common 
E)  the host is highly infectious 
A)  host cells rapidly undergo apoptosis causing cold sores 
B)  the viral genome exists as a plasmid in the cell 
C)  apoptosis is inhibited by small RNA encoded by virus 
D)  cold sores are common 
E)  the host is highly infectious

Question 16

Which of the following HIV proteins down-regulates cell surface CD4 and MHC class I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tat 
B)  Vpr 
C)  Nef 
D)  Vif 
E)  Vpu 
A)  Tat 
B)  Vpr 
C)  Nef 
D)  Vif 
E)  Vpu

Question 17

Which of the following is correct about Salmonella and Shigella?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both produce shiga tox. 
B)  They are Gram-positive rods. 
C)  They are resistant to the gastric acid kill. 
D)  They cause typhoid fever. 
E)  They are facultative intracellular pathogens. 
A)  They both produce shiga tox. 
B)  They are Gram-positive rods. 
C)  They are resistant to the gastric acid kill. 
D)  They cause typhoid fever. 
E)  They are facultative intracellular pathogens.

Question 18

HPV strains that cause cervical cancer produce protein E7, which:

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the degradation of pRb 
B)  frees up the transcription factor E2F to express the oncogen 
C)  ADP ribosylates protein synthesis factor EF2 
D)  activates G proteins 
E)  down-regulates MHC proteins on the cell surface 
A)  causes the degradation of pRb 
B)  frees up the transcription factor E2F to express the oncogen 
C)  ADP ribosylates protein synthesis factor EF2 
D)  activates G proteins 
E)  down-regulates MHC proteins on the cell surface

Question 19

The enterotoxigenic E. coli heat-stable toxin does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  damages membranes 
B)  inhibits protein synthesis 
C)  activates second messenger pathways 
D)  activates immune response 
E)  acts as a protease 
A)  damages membranes 
B)  inhibits protein synthesis 
C)  activates second messenger pathways 
D)  activates immune response 
E)  acts as a protease

Question 20

Which of the following is a nonproteinaceous, yet toxic, compound found in all Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  endotoxin 
B)  exotoxin 
C)  type I pilus 
D)  type III pilus 
E)  type IV pilus 
A)  endotoxin 
B)  exotoxin 
C)  type I pilus 
D)  type III pilus 
E)  type IV pilus

Exam 25: Microbial Pathogenesis

Bacteria whose optimum growth temperature is 37°C and which produce copious amounts of polysaccharides and capsules are most likely:

The current classification of bacteria pili is based on the __________ rather than the __________.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about disease reservoirs?

Which of the following bacteria would you expect to cause the most severe blood disease in a susceptible host?

Distinguishing features of a pathogenicity island include all of the following EXCEPT:

E. coli O157:H7 has a very low infectious dose because:

The likely mode of transmission of a bacterial disease in which incidence increases with a prolonged, warm summer is:

What type of toxin is the alpha hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus?

How does a pathogenicity island increase the "fitness" of a microorganism (pathogen) to interact with a host and cause disease?

What are the subunits of the Bacillus anthracis, plasmid-encoded toxin? Why is the EF and LF nontoxic to the host?.

Which of the following techniques will you use to identify unknown virulence genes that are only expressed in the host?

Urease is a virulence factor produced by:

Petechiae, which result from large amounts of endotoxin, are recognized as which of the following symptoms?

Toxins with ADP ribosyltransferase activity cause which of the following results?

During the latent stage of herpes virus infection:

Which of the following HIV proteins down-regulates cell surface CD4 and MHC class I?

Which of the following is correct about Salmonella and Shigella?

HPV strains that cause cervical cancer produce protein E7, which:

The enterotoxigenic E. coli heat-stable toxin does which of the following?

Which of the following is a nonproteinaceous, yet toxic, compound found in all Gram-negative bacteria?

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Virus Structure and Function

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology

Energetics and Catabolism

Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes and the Global Environment

Human Microbiota and Nonspecific Host Defenses

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

Filters

The current classification of bacteria pili is based on the rather than the .