Question 1

The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

Accepted Answer

A) antibody 
B) allergen 
C) antigen 
D) foreign body 
A) antibody 
B) allergen 
C) antigen 
D) foreign body

Question 2

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes.Which statement is then true?

Accepted Answer

A) Complement proteins will take over to destroy the bacteria. 
B) The bacterium can produce chemicals which can destroy the macrophage housing the bacterium. 
C) The bacterium can survive and replicate inside of the phagocytic cell. 
D) Antibodies produced by the cells can more effectively kill the bacteria. 
A) Complement proteins will take over to destroy the bacteria. 
B) The bacterium can produce chemicals which can destroy the macrophage housing the bacterium. 
C) The bacterium can survive and replicate inside of the phagocytic cell. 
D) Antibodies produced by the cells can more effectively kill the bacteria.

Question 4

Components of the first line of defense include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. 
B) nasal hairs. 
C) the flushing action of tears and blinking. 
D) the flushing action of urine. 
E) phagocytic white blood cells. 
A) the tough cell sheet of the upper epidermis of the skin. 
B) nasal hairs. 
C) the flushing action of tears and blinking. 
D) the flushing action of urine. 
E) phagocytic white blood cells.

Question 5

Hematopoiesis is the

Accepted Answer

A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
B) production of only red blood cells. 
C) production of white blood cells,red blood cells,and platelets. 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood,out to the tissues. 
A) loss of blood due to hemorrhaging. 
B) production of only red blood cells. 
C) production of white blood cells,red blood cells,and platelets. 
D) plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding. 
E) migration of white blood cells from the blood,out to the tissues.

Question 6

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

Accepted Answer

A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils 
A) lymph nodes 
B) thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) tonsils

Question 7

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) respiratory tract. 
C) digestive tract. 
D) urinary tract. 
E) eyes. 
A) skin. 
B) respiratory tract. 
C) digestive tract. 
D) urinary tract. 
E) eyes.

Question 8

A low to moderate fever in an otherwise healthy person should be treated immediately with antipyretic drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflammation can last hours to years. 
B) Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
C) Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
D) Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
E) Basophils and mast cells release histamine. 
A) Inflammation can last hours to years. 
B) Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. 
C) Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction. 
D) Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen. 
E) Basophils and mast cells release histamine.

Question 10

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

Accepted Answer

A) is toxic to pathogens. 
B) creates a physical barrier against pathogens. 
C) destroys pathogens. 
D) physically restricts pathogens to a specific region. 
A) is toxic to pathogens. 
B) creates a physical barrier against pathogens. 
C) destroys pathogens. 
D) physically restricts pathogens to a specific region.

Question 11

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are

Accepted Answer

A) basophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) monocytes. 
E) lymphocytes. 
A) basophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) monocytes. 
E) lymphocytes.

Question 12

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are

Accepted Answer

A) basophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) monocytes. 
E) lymphocytes. 
A) basophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) monocytes. 
E) lymphocytes.

Question 13

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

After loading wood into a fireplace,you realize you have gotten a splinter in your finger.Within a short period of time,your finger is painful,red,and swollen,and is warm to the touch.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) nonspecific resistance 
B) specific resistance 
C) acquired immunity 
D) adaptive immunity 
A) nonspecific resistance 
B) specific resistance 
C) acquired immunity 
D) adaptive immunity

Question 15

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

Accepted Answer

A) complement. 
B) interferons. 
C) leukotrines. 
D) pyrogens. 
E) lysozymes. 
A) complement. 
B) interferons. 
C) leukotrines. 
D) pyrogens. 
E) lysozymes.

Question 16

A patient visits your clinic often with recurrent respiratory infections.Based upon their medical history,it appears they have been an active smoker for over 40 years.Select the statement that most accurately reflects how this information may reveal why the patient is highly susceptible to respiratory pathogens:

Accepted Answer

A) smoking decreases the formation and effectiveness of complement proteins. 
B) smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator. 
C) smoking decreases the activity of neutrophils. 
D) smoking directly inhibits B- and T-cell action. 
A) smoking decreases the formation and effectiveness of complement proteins. 
B) smoking can paralyze the ciliary escalator. 
C) smoking decreases the activity of neutrophils. 
D) smoking directly inhibits B- and T-cell action.

Question 17

The _____ system of blood proteins act to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) humoral immunity 
B) cell-mediated 
C) complement 
D) lymphoid 
A) humoral immunity 
B) cell-mediated 
C) complement 
D) lymphoid

Question 18

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) after birth,produced in red bone marrow sites 
B) develop from undifferentiated stem cells 
C) include glial cells 
D) include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes 
E) include erythrocytes that,when mature,lose their nuclei 
A) after birth,produced in red bone marrow sites 
B) develop from undifferentiated stem cells 
C) include glial cells 
D) include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes 
E) include erythrocytes that,when mature,lose their nuclei

Question 19

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it

Accepted Answer

A) reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply. 
B) increases the availability of iron. 
C) increases phagocytosis. 
D) increases metabolism. 
E) stimulates hematopoiesis. 
A) reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply. 
B) increases the availability of iron. 
C) increases phagocytosis. 
D) increases metabolism. 
E) stimulates hematopoiesis.

Question 20

All of the following are granulocytes except

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) lymphocytes. 
D) basophils. 
E) All of the choices are granulocytes. 
A) neutrophils. 
B) eosinophils. 
C) lymphocytes. 
D) basophils. 
E) All of the choices are granulocytes.

Exam 14: Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

The term _____ is given to any foreign substance that stimulates a specific immune system response.

Complement proteins are produced by the spleen.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has chemicals in its cell wall that inhibit the fusion of phagocytic vacuoles with lysosomes.Which statement is then true?

Components of the first line of defense include all of the following except

Hematopoiesis is the

What structures are found along lymphatic vessels and are heavily clustered in the armpit,groin,and neck?

The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the

A low to moderate fever in an otherwise healthy person should be treated immediately with antipyretic drugs.

Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?

Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it

The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are

The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are

Certain complement components stimulate inflammation and phagocytosis.

After loading wood into a fireplace,you realize you have gotten a splinter in your finger.Within a short period of time,your finger is painful,red,and swollen,and is warm to the touch.This is an example of

The circulating substances that affect the hypothalamus and initiate fever are

The _____ system of blood proteins act to lyse foreign cells and viruses.

Which of the following is incorrect about blood cells?

Each of the following are benefits of fever except it

All of the following are granulocytes except

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Prokaryotic Profiles: The Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to the Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant Dna

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Host Defenses II: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

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