Exam 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

A researcher wants to investigate the effect of weather on college students' study habits.On a sunny day,the researcher sits in the quad and records the number of minutes each student puts into studying.The researcher finds that the mean number of minutes of study is 39.8.This is an example of a:

A human resources psychologist is interested in the effect of work schedule on job satisfaction.She compares satisfaction scores of workers who work five 8-hour shifts with workers who work four 10-hour shifts.Which of the following types of design has the manager employed?

A compromise between the longitudinal and cross-sectional methods is the _____ method.

Amelia realized that her 7-year-old daughter,Violet,was especially motivated by money.Amelia began a reinforcement program whereby Violet earned 5 cents every time she brushed her teeth.A month later,Amelia instituted a payment schedule of 10 cents every time Violet went to bed on time without complaining.Once these behaviors were firmly established,Violet began earning money for every book she read.What kind of single-subject design did Amelia employ?

A way to improve the interrupted time series design is to use a _____ design.

A researcher assesses participants' attitude toward marijuana,presents them with a persuasive communication favoring liberalization of marijuana laws,and then reassesses their attitude toward the drug.However,between assessment 1 and assessment 2,the President also advocates liberalization of marijuana laws.If the researcher doesn't use a control group,any differences that he or she observes are likely to be caused by _____ effects.

Which of the following is a variation of the multiple baseline design?

Selection differences are less likely to occur when researchers:

Which of the following is a reversal design?

A graduating college student takes the Graduate Record Exam and scores high marks.Six months later the student retakes the exam after completing all undergraduate coursework,but scores relatively low.Other than the boring coursework,what is most likely to account for the lower scores?

At the beginning of the term,researchers measured the attitudes of students taking a class in cross-cultural communication.At the end of the term,the students' attitudes were measured again.This is an example of a(n)_____ design.

Ronan goes to several elementary schools where he tests students who are in the first grade,third grade,and sixth grade to examine the effect of age on a reasoning ability task.In his research,Ronan has used a _____ method.

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3,6,and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9,12,and 15 years old.In the context of developmental research designs,the researcher has used the _____ method.

Sophia finds that her son Alex enjoys lemon candy.Sophia encourages Alex when he displays courteous behavior at home.She then starts reinforces this behavior at school,relatives' homes,and church.What type of single-case design does Sophia employ?

In order to study personality development,a researcher studies the same individuals at 7,14,21,and 30 years of age.In this case,the researcher is using the _____ method.

A park ranger records the daily number of individuals visiting a park six months before and six months after an admission fee is imposed.During the same time period,he compares the number of visits to two comparable parks that have no admission fee.This quasi-experimental design would be an example of a(n):

Developmental psychologists often study the ways that individuals change as a function of _____.

In a cross-sectional study,a difference among groups of different ages may reflect developmental age changes;however,these differences may result from _____ effects.

In one-group pretest-posttest design,which of the following will occur whenever researchers gather a set of extreme scores taken at one time and compare them with scores taken at another point in time?

Regression toward the mean refers to the fact that: