Question 1

Which problem-solving strategy or method is correctly matched with its definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Means-ends analysis: dividing a problem into intermediate steps 
B)  Forming subgoals: focusing on a problem's goal rather than its starting point 
C)  Working backward: reducing the apparent difference between the current state of the problem and the goal 
D)  Insight: experiencing a sudden awareness of the relationships among a problem's components 
A)  Means-ends analysis: dividing a problem into intermediate steps 
B)  Forming subgoals: focusing on a problem's goal rather than its starting point 
C)  Working backward: reducing the apparent difference between the current state of the problem and the goal 
D)  Insight: experiencing a sudden awareness of the relationships among a problem's components

Question 2

If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age,then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:

Accepted Answer

A)  CA/MA x 100. 
B)  MA/CA x 100. 
C)  CA/(MA x 100). 
D)  MA/(CA x 100). 
A)  CA/MA x 100. 
B)  MA/CA x 100. 
C)  CA/(MA x 100). 
D)  MA/(CA x 100).

Question 3

Which of the following findings supports the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Middle- and upper-socioeconomic status blacks score the same as middle- and upper-socioeconomic status whites 
B)  The black-white IQ gap remains,even when socioeconomic status is controlled. 
C)  Lower-socioeconomic status blacks score higher on average than lower-socioeconomic status whites 
D)  Whites score 35 points higher than blacks on traditional IQ tests even when socioeconomic status is taken into account. 
A)  Middle- and upper-socioeconomic status blacks score the same as middle- and upper-socioeconomic status whites 
B)  The black-white IQ gap remains,even when socioeconomic status is controlled. 
C)  Lower-socioeconomic status blacks score higher on average than lower-socioeconomic status whites 
D)  Whites score 35 points higher than blacks on traditional IQ tests even when socioeconomic status is taken into account.

Question 4

A psychological test is reliable when it:

Accepted Answer

A)  measures what it is actually supposed to measure. 
B)  has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed. 
C)  yields consistent measurements. 
D)  measures the positives in the test. 
A)  measures what it is actually supposed to measure. 
B)  has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed. 
C)  yields consistent measurements. 
D)  measures the positives in the test.

Question 5

People seek and remember evidence in support of their existing hypotheses;they ignore or discount contradictory evidence.In other words,people are prone to .

Accepted Answer

The answer of People seek and remember evidence in support...

Question 6

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

Accepted Answer

A)  The WAIS-IV is for use on males only,whereas the WISC-IV is used on females only. 
B)  The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence. 
C)  The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence. 
D)  The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV,an older test of intelligence. 
A)  The WAIS-IV is for use on males only,whereas the WISC-IV is used on females only. 
B)  The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence. 
C)  The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence. 
D)  The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV,an older test of intelligence.

Question 7

_____ is the tendency to seek out and give greater weight to information that supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Functional fixedness 
B)  A mental set 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Representativeness heuristic 
A)  Functional fixedness 
B)  A mental set 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Representativeness heuristic

Question 8

"How many uses can you think of for a brick?" asks the examiner.You are taking a test of thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "How many uses can you think of...

Question 9

Identify the levels of mental retardation described in the text.Associate a range of IQ scores with each level.Review what is known about the causes of mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

The response should include the followin

Question 10

The theory that a genetically determined,innate mechanism directs language development is known as the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning-theory 
B)  nativist 
C)  interactionist 
D)  prescriptive 
A)  learning-theory 
B)  nativist 
C)  interactionist 
D)  prescriptive

Question 11

In written language,letters most closely represent _____,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax;semantics 
B)  syntax;phonemes 
C)  phonemes;syntax 
D)  phonemes;semantics 
A)  syntax;semantics 
B)  syntax;phonemes 
C)  phonemes;syntax 
D)  phonemes;semantics

Question 12

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

Accepted Answer

A)  reject both the learning theory and nativist approaches. 
B)  agree that the brain is hardwired to acquire language. 
C)  downplay the role of the environment in language acquisition. 
D)  remain unconvinced by the idea of a language-acquisition device. 
A)  reject both the learning theory and nativist approaches. 
B)  agree that the brain is hardwired to acquire language. 
C)  downplay the role of the environment in language acquisition. 
D)  remain unconvinced by the idea of a language-acquisition device.

Question 13

In approximately _____ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-third;fetal alcohol syndrome 
B)  one-third;Down syndrome 
C)  one-quarter;fetal alcohol syndrome 
D)  one-quarter;Down syndrome 
A)  one-third;fetal alcohol syndrome 
B)  one-third;Down syndrome 
C)  one-quarter;fetal alcohol syndrome 
D)  one-quarter;Down syndrome

Question 14

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

Accepted Answer

A)  90% 
B)  75% 
C)  65% 
D)  50% 
A)  90% 
B)  75% 
C)  65% 
D)  50%

Question 15

When you use the availability heuristic,you are:

Accepted Answer

A)  making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind. 
B)  overcoming mental set. 
C)  mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality. 
D)  assuming that something is typical of its class. 
A)  making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind. 
B)  overcoming mental set. 
C)  mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality. 
D)  assuming that something is typical of its class.

Question 16

Critical or creative thinking may be enhanced by each of the following strategies EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  using analogies. 
B)  considering opposites. 
C)  avoiding heuristics. 
D)  experimenting with solutions. 
A)  using analogies. 
B)  considering opposites. 
C)  avoiding heuristics. 
D)  experimenting with solutions.

Question 17

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear,they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA.The teacher has offered his students a(n).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A high school physics teacher reassures his...

Question 18

Because they involve rules for moving from an initial to a goal state,many board games may be seen as examples of problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because they involve rules for moving from...

Question 19

"Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed .

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness...

Question 20

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _____;he studied problem solving among _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kohler;chimpanzees 
B)  Kohler;humans 
C)  Wundt;cats 
D)  Wundt;humans 
A)  Kohler;chimpanzees 
B)  Kohler;humans 
C)  Wundt;cats 
D)  Wundt;humans

Which problem-solving strategy or method is correctly matched with its definition?

If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age,then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:

Which of the following findings supports the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve?

A psychological test is reliable when it:

People seek and remember evidence in support of their existing hypotheses;they ignore or discount contradictory evidence.In other words,people are prone to .

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

_____ is the tendency to seek out and give greater weight to information that supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.

"How many uses can you think of for a brick?" asks the examiner.You are taking a test of thinking.

Identify the levels of mental retardation described in the text.Associate a range of IQ scores with each level.Review what is known about the causes of mental retardation.

The theory that a genetically determined,innate mechanism directs language development is known as the _____ approach.

In written language,letters most closely represent _,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _.

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

In approximately _ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _.

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

When you use the availability heuristic,you are:

Critical or creative thinking may be enhanced by each of the following strategies EXCEPT:

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear,they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA.The teacher has offered his students a(n).

Because they involve rules for moving from an initial to a goal state,many board games may be seen as examples of problems.

"Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed .

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _;he studied problem solving among _.

Introduction to Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

Filters

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Which problem-solving strategy or method is correctly matched with its definition?

If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age,then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:

Which of the following findings supports the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve?

A psychological test is reliable when it:

People seek and remember evidence in support of their existing hypotheses;they ignore or discount contradictory evidence.In other words,people are prone to .

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

_____ is the tendency to seek out and give greater weight to information that supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.

"How many uses can you think of for a brick?" asks the examiner.You are taking a test of thinking.

Identify the levels of mental retardation described in the text.Associate a range of IQ scores with each level.Review what is known about the causes of mental retardation.

The theory that a genetically determined,innate mechanism directs language development is known as the _____ approach.

In written language,letters most closely represent _____,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _____.

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

In approximately _____ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _____.

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

When you use the availability heuristic,you are:

Critical or creative thinking may be enhanced by each of the following strategies EXCEPT:

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear,they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA.The teacher has offered his students a(n).

Because they involve rules for moving from an initial to a goal state,many board games may be seen as examples of problems.

"Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed .

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _____;he studied problem solving among _____.

Introduction to Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress, Coping, and Well-Being

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

Filters

In written language,letters most closely represent _,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _.

In approximately _ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _.

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _;he studied problem solving among _.