Question 1

Complement

Accepted Answer

A) Is the name of a specific family of proteins that interact in a defined, complex sequence 
B) Is secreted by lymphocytes 
C) Enhances antibody activity 
D) Both is the name of a specific family of proteins that interact in a defined, complex sequence and enhances antibody activity are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Is the name of a specific family of proteins that interact in a defined, complex sequence 
B) Is secreted by lymphocytes 
C) Enhances antibody activity 
D) Both is the name of a specific family of proteins that interact in a defined, complex sequence and enhances antibody activity are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct D

Question 2

The two broad categories of specific immune responses are antibody-mediated and humoral.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Which of the following statements about viruses is not correct? Viruses

Accepted Answer

A) Consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell 
B) Require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves 
C) May reside in a host cell for years without killing it 
D) May cause a host cell to become cancerous 
E) May have genetic information in the form of RNA 
A) Consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell 
B) Require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves 
C) May reside in a host cell for years without killing it 
D) May cause a host cell to become cancerous 
E) May have genetic information in the form of RNA A

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the lymphoid organs is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus 
B) The thymus secretes hormones 
C) Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen 
D) The tonsils act as a first line of defense against microbes in food 
E) Once a lymphocyte reaches a peripheral lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime 
A) The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus 
B) The thymus secretes hormones 
C) Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen 
D) The tonsils act as a first line of defense against microbes in food 
E) Once a lymphocyte reaches a peripheral lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime

Question 5

Graft rejection

Accepted Answer

A) Occurs primarily because donor macrophages recognize the host tissue as foreign 
B) Can be combated by drugs that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation 
C) Can be combated by drugs that inhibit cytokine secretion 
D) Both occurs primarily because donor macrophages recognize the host tissue as foreign and can be combated by drugs that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation are correct 
E) Both can be combated by drugs that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and can be combated by drugs that inhibit cytokine secretion are correct 
A) Occurs primarily because donor macrophages recognize the host tissue as foreign 
B) Can be combated by drugs that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation 
C) Can be combated by drugs that inhibit cytokine secretion 
D) Both occurs primarily because donor macrophages recognize the host tissue as foreign and can be combated by drugs that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation are correct 
E) Both can be combated by drugs that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and can be combated by drugs that inhibit cytokine secretion are correct

Question 6

The skin constitutes a good barrier for foreign chemicals that are nonpolar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Chemotaxis

Accepted Answer

A) Refers to the chemical attraction of erythrocytes to the site of inflammation 
B) Brings neutrophils and monocytes to the scene of microbial invasion or injury 
C) Activates macrophages 
D) Both refers to the chemical attraction of erythrocytes to the site of inflammation and brings neutrophils and monocytes to the scene of microbial invasion or injury are correct 
E) Both brings neutrophils and monocytes to the scene of microbial invasion or injury and activates macrophages are correct 
A) Refers to the chemical attraction of erythrocytes to the site of inflammation 
B) Brings neutrophils and monocytes to the scene of microbial invasion or injury 
C) Activates macrophages 
D) Both refers to the chemical attraction of erythrocytes to the site of inflammation and brings neutrophils and monocytes to the scene of microbial invasion or injury are correct 
E) Both brings neutrophils and monocytes to the scene of microbial invasion or injury and activates macrophages are correct

Question 8

When an antigen is bound to an antibody,it binds to

Accepted Answer

A) The heavy immunoglobulin chain only 
B) The light immunoglobulin chain only 
C) A specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains 
D) A hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA 
E) Gamma immunoglobulin only 
A) The heavy immunoglobulin chain only 
B) The light immunoglobulin chain only 
C) A specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains 
D) A hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA 
E) Gamma immunoglobulin only

Question 9

Histamine is a mediator of inflammatory responses that is generated by enzymatic cleavage of a plasma precursor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the secretions of immune system cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by cytotoxic T cells 
B) Interleukin 1 is a paracrine secreted by macrophages and B lymphocytes 
C) Interleukin 1 is an autocrine secreted by helper T cells 
D) Both interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by cytotoxic T cells and interleukin 1 is a paracrine secreted by macrophages and B lymphocytes are true 
E) All of the choices are true 
A) Interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by cytotoxic T cells 
B) Interleukin 1 is a paracrine secreted by macrophages and B lymphocytes 
C) Interleukin 1 is an autocrine secreted by helper T cells 
D) Both interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by cytotoxic T cells and interleukin 1 is a paracrine secreted by macrophages and B lymphocytes are true 
E) All of the choices are true

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the activation of complement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Complement is activated only as a result of nonspecific immune responses 
B) Complement is activated only as a result of specific immune responses 
C) Complement is activated as a result of both nonspecific and specific immune responses, but the activation by specific immune responses is more robust 
D) Complement is activated as a result of both nonspecific and specific immune responses, but the activation by nonspecific immune responses is more robust 
E) None of the choices are true 
A) Complement is activated only as a result of nonspecific immune responses 
B) Complement is activated only as a result of specific immune responses 
C) Complement is activated as a result of both nonspecific and specific immune responses, but the activation by specific immune responses is more robust 
D) Complement is activated as a result of both nonspecific and specific immune responses, but the activation by nonspecific immune responses is more robust 
E) None of the choices are true

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding the secretions of immune system cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by helper T cells 
B) Interleukin 2 is a paracrine secreted by helper T cells 
C) Interleukin 1 is a cytokine 
D) Both interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by helper T cells and interleukin 1 is a cytokine are true 
E) All of the choices are true 
A) Interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by helper T cells 
B) Interleukin 2 is a paracrine secreted by helper T cells 
C) Interleukin 1 is a cytokine 
D) Both interleukin 2 is an autocrine secreted by helper T cells and interleukin 1 is a cytokine are true 
E) All of the choices are true

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding blood-type incompatibilities between a mother and her fetus is true?

Accepted Answer

A) An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive 
B) An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative 
C) A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood 
D) Both an Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive and a fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood are true 
E) Both an Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative and a fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood are true 
A) An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive 
B) An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative 
C) A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood 
D) Both an Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive and a fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood are true 
E) Both an Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative and a fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood are true

Question 14

Cytotoxic T cells kill body cells by phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Treatment of individuals with HIV infection focuses upon early detection by interfering with the processes involved in replication and assembly of the virus by T lymphocytes,rather than attacking infected host cells directly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Each of the following are typically associated with the transmission of HIV/AIDS,except:

Accepted Answer

A) Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner 
B) Through kissing or contact with items contaminated by the saliva of an infected individual 
C) Transmission from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta during pregnancy or delivery 
D) Transfer via breast milk during nursing 
E) Transfer of contaminated blood or blood products from one person to another 
A) Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner 
B) Through kissing or contact with items contaminated by the saliva of an infected individual 
C) Transmission from an infected mother to her fetus across the placenta during pregnancy or delivery 
D) Transfer via breast milk during nursing 
E) Transfer of contaminated blood or blood products from one person to another

Question 17

The appearance of the signs and symptoms of AIDS in an HIV infected individual generally appear after the virus has had enough time to replicate within host tissue cells and to cause death and destruction of cells critical to mounting a normal immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Activated macrophages

Accepted Answer

A) Are activated by interferon-gamma 
B) Preferentially kill abnormal body cells 
C) Secrete tumor necrosis factor 
D) Both are activated by interferon-gamma and preferentially kill abnormal body cells are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Are activated by interferon-gamma 
B) Preferentially kill abnormal body cells 
C) Secrete tumor necrosis factor 
D) Both are activated by interferon-gamma and preferentially kill abnormal body cells are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 19

AIDS is

Accepted Answer

A) Caused by a retrovirus 
B) Caused by a virus that contains RNA 
C) Transmitted by intimate contact with infected blood, sexual intercourse with an infected partner, or by an infected mother to her fetus or breast-fed infant 
D) Both caused by a retrovirus and transmitted by intimate contact with infected blood, sexual intercourse with an infected partner, or by an infected mother to her fetus or breast-fed infant are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Caused by a retrovirus 
B) Caused by a virus that contains RNA 
C) Transmitted by intimate contact with infected blood, sexual intercourse with an infected partner, or by an infected mother to her fetus or breast-fed infant 
D) Both caused by a retrovirus and transmitted by intimate contact with infected blood, sexual intercourse with an infected partner, or by an infected mother to her fetus or breast-fed infant are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes 
B) Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response 
C) Phagocytosis is stimulated by the presence of proteins called rhodopsins 
D) Both macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes and contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response are true 
E) All of the choices are true 
A) Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes 
B) Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response 
C) Phagocytosis is stimulated by the presence of proteins called rhodopsins 
D) Both macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes and contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals that stimulate the inflammatory response are true 
E) All of the choices are true

Complement

The two broad categories of specific immune responses are antibody-mediated and humoral.

Which of the following statements about viruses is not correct? Viruses

Which of the following statements regarding the lymphoid organs is not true?

Graft rejection

The skin constitutes a good barrier for foreign chemicals that are nonpolar.

Chemotaxis

When an antigen is bound to an antibody,it binds to

Histamine is a mediator of inflammatory responses that is generated by enzymatic cleavage of a plasma precursor.

Which of the following statements regarding the secretions of immune system cells is true?

Which of the following statements regarding the activation of complement is true?

Which of the following statements regarding the secretions of immune system cells is true?

Which of the following statements regarding blood-type incompatibilities between a mother and her fetus is true?

Cytotoxic T cells kill body cells by phagocytosis.

Treatment of individuals with HIV infection focuses upon early detection by interfering with the processes involved in replication and assembly of the virus by T lymphocytes,rather than attacking infected host cells directly.

Each of the following are typically associated with the transmission of HIV/AIDS,except:

The appearance of the signs and symptoms of AIDS in an HIV infected individual generally appear after the virus has had enough time to replicate within host tissue cells and to cause death and destruction of cells critical to mounting a normal immune response.

Activated macrophages

AIDS is

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is true?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

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Exam 18: The Immune System

Complement

The two broad categories of specific immune responses are antibody-mediated and humoral.

Which of the following statements about viruses is not correct? Viruses

Which of the following statements regarding the lymphoid organs is not true?

Graft rejection

The skin constitutes a good barrier for foreign chemicals that are nonpolar.

Chemotaxis

When an antigen is bound to an antibody,it binds to

Histamine is a mediator of inflammatory responses that is generated by enzymatic cleavage of a plasma precursor.

Which of the following statements regarding the secretions of immune system cells is true?

Which of the following statements regarding the activation of complement is true?

Which of the following statements regarding the secretions of immune system cells is true?

Which of the following statements regarding blood-type incompatibilities between a mother and her fetus is true?

Cytotoxic T cells kill body cells by phagocytosis.

Treatment of individuals with HIV infection focuses upon early detection by interfering with the processes involved in replication and assembly of the virus by T lymphocytes,rather than attacking infected host cells directly.

Each of the following are typically associated with the transmission of HIV/AIDS,except:

The appearance of the signs and symptoms of AIDS in an HIV infected individual generally appear after the virus has had enough time to replicate within host tissue cells and to cause death and destruction of cells critical to mounting a normal immune response.

Activated macrophages

AIDS is

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is true?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters