Question 1

Cortisol

Accepted Answer

A) Is required for cells to respond normally to hormones promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis 
B) Is permissive for insulin actions 
C) In high amounts increases gluconeogenesis and inhibits glucose uptake 
D) Both is required for cells to respond normally to hormones promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis and is permissive for insulin actions are correct 
E) Both is required for cells to respond normally to hormones promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis and in high amounts increases gluconeogenesis and inhibits glucose uptake are correct 
A) Is required for cells to respond normally to hormones promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis 
B) Is permissive for insulin actions 
C) In high amounts increases gluconeogenesis and inhibits glucose uptake 
D) Both is required for cells to respond normally to hormones promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis and is permissive for insulin actions are correct 
E) Both is required for cells to respond normally to hormones promoting gluconeogenesis and lipolysis and in high amounts increases gluconeogenesis and inhibits glucose uptake are correct E

Question 2

The anabolic effects of insulin are accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing the number of glucose transporters on cell membranes 
B) Increasing amino acid uptake by cells 
C) Stimulating the secretion of IGF-I by liver cells 
D) Increasing the number of glucose transporters on cell membranes and increasing amino acid uptake by cells 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Increasing the number of glucose transporters on cell membranes 
B) Increasing amino acid uptake by cells 
C) Stimulating the secretion of IGF-I by liver cells 
D) Increasing the number of glucose transporters on cell membranes and increasing amino acid uptake by cells 
E) All of the choices are correct. E

Question 3

The major means of increasing heat production in response to a cold environment is

Accepted Answer

A) Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin 
B) Wearing warm clothing 
C) Shivering thermogenesis and increased voluntary activity 
D) Vasodilation of blood vessels in skin 
E) Increasing food intake to elevate the metabolic rate 
A) Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin 
B) Wearing warm clothing 
C) Shivering thermogenesis and increased voluntary activity 
D) Vasodilation of blood vessels in skin 
E) Increasing food intake to elevate the metabolic rate C

Question 4

The body's most effective mechanism for reducing heat loss is vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Pituitary growth hormone has effects on protein metabolism similar to those of insulin,but its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are similar to those of elevated cortisol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Excess dietary amino acids in a nongrowing person are

Accepted Answer

A) Converted to protein for storage 
B) Converted to fat for energy or storage 
C) Excreted without being absorbed 
D) Converted to protein for storage and converted to fat for energy or storage 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Converted to protein for storage 
B) Converted to fat for energy or storage 
C) Excreted without being absorbed 
D) Converted to protein for storage and converted to fat for energy or storage 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following contribute the most to differences in the basal metabolic rate among individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) Sex, weight, age, and muscular activity 
B) Age, height, and recent ingestion of food 
C) Environmental temperature, body surface area, and emotional state 
D) Sex, age, body surface area, and circulating levels of thyroid hormone 
E) Environmental temperature, muscular activity, and emotional state 
A) Sex, weight, age, and muscular activity 
B) Age, height, and recent ingestion of food 
C) Environmental temperature, body surface area, and emotional state 
D) Sex, age, body surface area, and circulating levels of thyroid hormone 
E) Environmental temperature, muscular activity, and emotional state

Question 8

During exercise,

Accepted Answer

A) Blood glucose levels fall dramatically 
B) Epinephrine and glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells 
C) Decreased blood glucose and increased epinephrine stimulate insulin secretion 
D) Epinephrine stimulates glucagon secretion and inhibits skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 
E) Skeletal muscles increase their rate of utilization of fatty acids 
A) Blood glucose levels fall dramatically 
B) Epinephrine and glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis in liver cells 
C) Decreased blood glucose and increased epinephrine stimulate insulin secretion 
D) Epinephrine stimulates glucagon secretion and inhibits skeletal muscle uptake of glucose 
E) Skeletal muscles increase their rate of utilization of fatty acids

Question 9

The effects of insulin in any given cell on membrane transport and on enzyme activity are mediated by the same receptor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Untreated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects will die because of

Accepted Answer

A) Intoxication due to the alcohol-like properties of ketones in their blood 
B) Dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow 
C) Acidosis due to excessive levels of plasma ketones 
D) Intoxication due to the alcohol-like properties of ketones in their blood and dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow 
E) Dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow and acidosis due to excessive levels of plasma ketones 
A) Intoxication due to the alcohol-like properties of ketones in their blood 
B) Dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow 
C) Acidosis due to excessive levels of plasma ketones 
D) Intoxication due to the alcohol-like properties of ketones in their blood and dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow 
E) Dehydration due to glycosuria and ketonuria, which causes reduced cerebral blood flow and acidosis due to excessive levels of plasma ketones

Question 11

Compared to a normal person,a person with untreated type I diabetes mellitus would have

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased glycogen stores in muscles 
B) Increased appetite 
C) Decreased blood pH 
D) Decreased glycogen stores in muscles and decreased blood pH 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Decreased glycogen stores in muscles 
B) Increased appetite 
C) Decreased blood pH 
D) Decreased glycogen stores in muscles and decreased blood pH 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

What factors affect the brain's control of food intake in a normal person?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased plasma insulin inhibits food intake 
B) The hormone leptin decreases appetite 
C) Increased body temperature decreases food intake 
D) Decreased plasma glucose concentration stimulates appetite 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Increased plasma insulin inhibits food intake 
B) The hormone leptin decreases appetite 
C) Increased body temperature decreases food intake 
D) Decreased plasma glucose concentration stimulates appetite 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

During the absorptive state of metabolism,

Accepted Answer

A) Liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood 
B) Glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is used for energy 
C) Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triacylglycerols in adipose tissue capillaries 
D) Both liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood and glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is used for energy occur 
E) Both glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is used for energy and lipoprotein lipase breaks down triacylglycerols in adipose tissue capillaries occur 
A) Liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood 
B) Glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is used for energy 
C) Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triacylglycerols in adipose tissue capillaries 
D) Both liver glycogen is broken down to glucose, which is released into the blood and glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is used for energy occur 
E) Both glycogen in muscle cells is broken down to glucose, which is used for energy and lipoprotein lipase breaks down triacylglycerols in adipose tissue capillaries occur

Question 14

Chylomicron triacylglycerols are

Accepted Answer

A) Readily absorbed by all cells, especially adipose cells 
B) Converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme inside cells 
C) Converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme in the capillaries 
D) Readily absorbed by all cells, especially adipose cells and converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme inside cells 
E) Converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme inside cells and converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme in the capillaries 
A) Readily absorbed by all cells, especially adipose cells 
B) Converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme inside cells 
C) Converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme in the capillaries 
D) Readily absorbed by all cells, especially adipose cells and converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme inside cells 
E) Converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme inside cells and converted to monoglycerides and fatty acids by an enzyme in the capillaries

Question 15

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by decreased levels of

Accepted Answer

A) Epinephrine 
B) Insulin 
C) Glucocorticoids 
D) Epinephrine and insulin 
E) Insulin and glucocorticoids 
A) Epinephrine 
B) Insulin 
C) Glucocorticoids 
D) Epinephrine and insulin 
E) Insulin and glucocorticoids

Question 16

The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Cholesterol is metabolized to bile salts in the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The reason high humidity plays such a significant role in increasing the discomfort felt on very hot days is that it decreases the cooling properties of conduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

During the absorptive state of metabolism,the primary energy source for most of the body's cells is ________,except for ________,which use ________ for energy.

Accepted Answer

A) Amino acids; brain cells; glucose 
B) Fatty acids; brain cells; glucose 
C) Glucose; liver cells; amino acids 
D) Glucose; liver cells; ketones 
E) Fatty acids; skeletal muscle cells; glucose 
A) Amino acids; brain cells; glucose 
B) Fatty acids; brain cells; glucose 
C) Glucose; liver cells; amino acids 
D) Glucose; liver cells; ketones 
E) Fatty acids; skeletal muscle cells; glucose

Question 20

Most of the energy used by the body during fasting is provided by gluconeogenesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Cortisol

The anabolic effects of insulin are accomplished by

The major means of increasing heat production in response to a cold environment is

The body's most effective mechanism for reducing heat loss is vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin.

Pituitary growth hormone has effects on protein metabolism similar to those of insulin,but its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are similar to those of elevated cortisol.

Excess dietary amino acids in a nongrowing person are

Which of the following contribute the most to differences in the basal metabolic rate among individuals?

During exercise,

The effects of insulin in any given cell on membrane transport and on enzyme activity are mediated by the same receptor.

Untreated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects will die because of

Compared to a normal person,a person with untreated type I diabetes mellitus would have

What factors affect the brain's control of food intake in a normal person?

During the absorptive state of metabolism,

Chylomicron triacylglycerols are

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by decreased levels of

The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.

Cholesterol is metabolized to bile salts in the liver.

The reason high humidity plays such a significant role in increasing the discomfort felt on very hot days is that it decreases the cooling properties of conduction.

During the absorptive state of metabolism,the primary energy source for most of the body's cells is ,except for ,which use for energy.

Most of the energy used by the body during fasting is provided by gluconeogenesis.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Reproduction

The Immune System

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters

Exam 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Cortisol

The anabolic effects of insulin are accomplished by

The major means of increasing heat production in response to a cold environment is

The body's most effective mechanism for reducing heat loss is vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin.

Pituitary growth hormone has effects on protein metabolism similar to those of insulin,but its effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are similar to those of elevated cortisol.

Excess dietary amino acids in a nongrowing person are

Which of the following contribute the most to differences in the basal metabolic rate among individuals?

During exercise,

The effects of insulin in any given cell on membrane transport and on enzyme activity are mediated by the same receptor.

Untreated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects will die because of

Compared to a normal person,a person with untreated type I diabetes mellitus would have

What factors affect the brain's control of food intake in a normal person?

During the absorptive state of metabolism,

Chylomicron triacylglycerols are

Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by decreased levels of

The calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones refers to their effect in increasing the rate at which the body synthesizes protein and fat.

Cholesterol is metabolized to bile salts in the liver.

The reason high humidity plays such a significant role in increasing the discomfort felt on very hot days is that it decreases the cooling properties of conduction.

During the absorptive state of metabolism,the primary energy source for most of the body's cells is ________,except for ________,which use ________ for energy.

Most of the energy used by the body during fasting is provided by gluconeogenesis.

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

Control of Body Movement

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Reproduction

The Immune System

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters

During the absorptive state of metabolism,the primary energy source for most of the body's cells is ,except for ,which use for energy.