Question 1

Which of the following would be a consequence of touching a hot object with one's right hand?

Accepted Answer

A) A stretch reflex would be triggered that would cause contraction of extensor muscles in the right arm 
B) A withdrawal reflex would be triggered by nociceptors that would stimulate contraction of flexor muscles in the right arm 
C) Reflex mechanisms would inhibit contraction of the extensor muscles of the right arm 
D) Both a stretch reflex would be triggered that would cause contraction of extensor muscles in the right arm and a withdrawal reflex would be triggered by nociceptors that would stimulate contraction of flexor muscles in the right arm would be consequences 
E) Both a withdrawal reflex would be triggered by nociceptors that would stimulate contraction of flexor muscles in the right arm and reflex mechanisms would inhibit contraction of the extensor muscles of the right arm would be consequences 
A) A stretch reflex would be triggered that would cause contraction of extensor muscles in the right arm 
B) A withdrawal reflex would be triggered by nociceptors that would stimulate contraction of flexor muscles in the right arm 
C) Reflex mechanisms would inhibit contraction of the extensor muscles of the right arm 
D) Both a stretch reflex would be triggered that would cause contraction of extensor muscles in the right arm and a withdrawal reflex would be triggered by nociceptors that would stimulate contraction of flexor muscles in the right arm would be consequences 
E) Both a withdrawal reflex would be triggered by nociceptors that would stimulate contraction of flexor muscles in the right arm and reflex mechanisms would inhibit contraction of the extensor muscles of the right arm would be consequences E

Question 2

Which of the following occurs as a result of tapping one's patellar tendon?

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of intrafusal fibers in extensor muscles 
B) Alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of extrafusal fibers in extensor muscles 
C) Alpha motor neurons that innervate ipsilateral flexor muscles are inhibited 
D) Both alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of intrafusal fibers in extensor muscles and alpha motor neurons that innervate ipsilateral flexor muscles are inhibited are correct 
E) Both alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of extrafusal fibers in extensor muscles and alpha motor neurons that innervate ipsilateral flexor muscles are inhibited are correct 
A) Alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of intrafusal fibers in extensor muscles 
B) Alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of extrafusal fibers in extensor muscles 
C) Alpha motor neurons that innervate ipsilateral flexor muscles are inhibited 
D) Both alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of intrafusal fibers in extensor muscles and alpha motor neurons that innervate ipsilateral flexor muscles are inhibited are correct 
E) Both alpha motor neurons stimulate contraction of extrafusal fibers in extensor muscles and alpha motor neurons that innervate ipsilateral flexor muscles are inhibited are correct E

Question 3

Motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle fibers are subject to the summative effects of interneurons firing either excitatory,inhibitory or both kinds of neurotransmitters simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Golgi tendon organs

Accepted Answer

A) Are located in the tendons joining muscle and bone 
B) Monitor the strength of muscle contractions 
C) Are associated with monosynaptic reflexes 
D) Both are located in the tendons joining muscle and bone and monitor the strength of muscle contractions are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Are located in the tendons joining muscle and bone 
B) Monitor the strength of muscle contractions 
C) Are associated with monosynaptic reflexes 
D) Both are located in the tendons joining muscle and bone and monitor the strength of muscle contractions are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 5

Stretch reflexes

Accepted Answer

A) Occur only in the legs 
B) Are important for maintaining erect posture 
C) Mediate flexor withdrawal from a painful stimulus 
D) Are initiated by stimulation of Golgi tendon organs 
E) Are described by all of the choices 
A) Occur only in the legs 
B) Are important for maintaining erect posture 
C) Mediate flexor withdrawal from a painful stimulus 
D) Are initiated by stimulation of Golgi tendon organs 
E) Are described by all of the choices

Question 6

Receptors of the postural reflexes include

Accepted Answer

A) Rods and cones 
B) Hair cells 
C) Muscle spindles and other proprioceptors 
D) Rods and cones and muscle spindles and other proprioceptors 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Rods and cones 
B) Hair cells 
C) Muscle spindles and other proprioceptors 
D) Rods and cones and muscle spindles and other proprioceptors 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 7

According to the hierarchy of motor control,

Accepted Answer

A) The highest level of control consists entirely of areas of cerebral cortex 
B) The middle level of control contains no areas of cerebral cortex 
C) The lowest level of control includes the cerebellum and basal ganglia 
D) Structures in the middle level receive information from both the highest and the lowest levels of the hierarchy 
E) Afferent information from skin, joint and muscle receptors has little influence on body movement 
A) The highest level of control consists entirely of areas of cerebral cortex 
B) The middle level of control contains no areas of cerebral cortex 
C) The lowest level of control includes the cerebellum and basal ganglia 
D) Structures in the middle level receive information from both the highest and the lowest levels of the hierarchy 
E) Afferent information from skin, joint and muscle receptors has little influence on body movement

Question 8

Which of the following does not describe the highest hierarchical level of motor control? It

Accepted Answer

A) Includes the premotor area 
B) Includes the supplementary motor area 
C) Includes association cortex in the frontal and parietal lobes 
D) Includes limbic-system structures 
E) Directs "what to do" and "when to do it." 
A) Includes the premotor area 
B) Includes the supplementary motor area 
C) Includes association cortex in the frontal and parietal lobes 
D) Includes limbic-system structures 
E) Directs "what to do" and "when to do it."

Question 9

Which of the following statements about control of body movement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The corticospinal motor pathways control most fine, discrete muscle activity 
B) The brain stem pathways control postural and most other coordinated body movements 
C) The cerebellum fine-tunes ongoing movement and helps to coordinate movements 
D) Both the corticospinal motor pathways control most fine, discrete muscle activity and the brain stem pathways control postural and most other coordinated body movements are true 
E) All of the choices are true 
A) The corticospinal motor pathways control most fine, discrete muscle activity 
B) The brain stem pathways control postural and most other coordinated body movements 
C) The cerebellum fine-tunes ongoing movement and helps to coordinate movements 
D) Both the corticospinal motor pathways control most fine, discrete muscle activity and the brain stem pathways control postural and most other coordinated body movements are true 
E) All of the choices are true

Question 10

In the primary motor cortex,representation of the left half of the body is primarily on the right side of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Intrafusal muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A) Are found in muscle spindles 
B) Are innervated by alpha motor neurons 
C) Generate most of the tension in a skeletal muscle 
D) Fire continuously at a constant rate 
E) Both are found in muscle spindles and generate most of the tension in a skeletal muscle are correct 
A) Are found in muscle spindles 
B) Are innervated by alpha motor neurons 
C) Generate most of the tension in a skeletal muscle 
D) Fire continuously at a constant rate 
E) Both are found in muscle spindles and generate most of the tension in a skeletal muscle are correct

Question 12

Crossed-extensor reflexes,but not stretch reflexes,are important postural reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Afferent fibers from muscle-spindle stretch receptors in a muscle make excitatory synaptic contact with motor neurons that innervate the extrafusal fibers of the same muscle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The crossed-extensor reflex in a limb

Accepted Answer

A) Is initiated by a painful stimulus in the ipsilateral limb 
B) Stimulates contraction of the contralateral extensor and inhibits contraction of the contralateral flexor 
C) Accompanies the stretch reflex 
D) Both is initiated by a painful stimulus in the ipsilateral limb and stimulates contraction of the contralateral extensor and inhibits contraction of the contralateral flexor are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Is initiated by a painful stimulus in the ipsilateral limb 
B) Stimulates contraction of the contralateral extensor and inhibits contraction of the contralateral flexor 
C) Accompanies the stretch reflex 
D) Both is initiated by a painful stimulus in the ipsilateral limb and stimulates contraction of the contralateral extensor and inhibits contraction of the contralateral flexor are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 15

The cerebellum

Accepted Answer

A) Helps to coordinate body movements 
B) Is important in maintaining posture 
C) Receives no input from sensory pathways 
D) Both helps to coordinate body movements and is important in maintaining posture are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct 
A) Helps to coordinate body movements 
B) Is important in maintaining posture 
C) Receives no input from sensory pathways 
D) Both helps to coordinate body movements and is important in maintaining posture are correct 
E) All of the choices are correct

Question 16

The thalamus is an important relay station for feedback of information to the basal ganglia from the motor cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One of the primary roles of the cerebellum is to compare a given program for movement with the actual movement as it occurs and to make adjustments in the movement and in the program.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Implantation of electrodes into the substantia nigra/basal nuclei region as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is intended to deliver an electrical shock in order to ______ which will produce more normal voluntary executive motor function.

Accepted Answer

A) Provide release of surrogative dopamine receptor agonists 
B) Inhibit the activity of normal dopamine degrading enzymes 
C) Activate precursor dopamine synthesizing metabolic pathways 
D) Destroy regions of the basal nuclei and substantia nigra which are overproducing dopamine 
E) Stimulate the production and release of dopamine 
A) Provide release of surrogative dopamine receptor agonists 
B) Inhibit the activity of normal dopamine degrading enzymes 
C) Activate precursor dopamine synthesizing metabolic pathways 
D) Destroy regions of the basal nuclei and substantia nigra which are overproducing dopamine 
E) Stimulate the production and release of dopamine

Question 19

The basal ganglia

Accepted Answer

A) Receive input from the sensorimotor cortex 
B) Form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the hypothalamus 
C) Form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the thalamus 
D) Both receive input from the sensorimotor cortex and form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the hypothalamus are correct 
E) Both receive input from the sensorimotor cortex and form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the thalamus are correct 
A) Receive input from the sensorimotor cortex 
B) Form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the hypothalamus 
C) Form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the thalamus 
D) Both receive input from the sensorimotor cortex and form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the hypothalamus are correct 
E) Both receive input from the sensorimotor cortex and form information loops with the sensorimotor cortex and the thalamus are correct

Question 20

Which of the following symptoms is common following damage to the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

A) Flaccid paralysis 
B) Violent, uncontrolled body movements called chorea 
C) Intention tremor 
D) Both flaccid paralysis and violent, uncontrolled body movements called chorea are common 
E) Both violent, uncontrolled body movements called chorea and intention tremor are common 
A) Flaccid paralysis 
B) Violent, uncontrolled body movements called chorea 
C) Intention tremor 
D) Both flaccid paralysis and violent, uncontrolled body movements called chorea are common 
E) Both violent, uncontrolled body movements called chorea and intention tremor are common

Which of the following would be a consequence of touching a hot object with one's right hand?

Which of the following occurs as a result of tapping one's patellar tendon?

Motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle fibers are subject to the summative effects of interneurons firing either excitatory,inhibitory or both kinds of neurotransmitters simultaneously.

Golgi tendon organs

Stretch reflexes

Receptors of the postural reflexes include

According to the hierarchy of motor control,

Which of the following does not describe the highest hierarchical level of motor control? It

Which of the following statements about control of body movement is true?

In the primary motor cortex,representation of the left half of the body is primarily on the right side of the brain.

Intrafusal muscle fibers

Crossed-extensor reflexes,but not stretch reflexes,are important postural reflexes.

Afferent fibers from muscle-spindle stretch receptors in a muscle make excitatory synaptic contact with motor neurons that innervate the extrafusal fibers of the same muscle.

The crossed-extensor reflex in a limb

The cerebellum

The thalamus is an important relay station for feedback of information to the basal ganglia from the motor cortex.

One of the primary roles of the cerebellum is to compare a given program for movement with the actual movement as it occurs and to make adjustments in the movement and in the program.

Implantation of electrodes into the substantia nigra/basal nuclei region as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is intended to deliver an electrical shock in order to ______ which will produce more normal voluntary executive motor function.

The basal ganglia

Which of the following symptoms is common following damage to the cerebellum?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

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Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

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Exam 10: Control of Body Movement

Which of the following would be a consequence of touching a hot object with one's right hand?

Which of the following occurs as a result of tapping one's patellar tendon?

Motor neurons which innervate skeletal muscle fibers are subject to the summative effects of interneurons firing either excitatory,inhibitory or both kinds of neurotransmitters simultaneously.

Golgi tendon organs

Stretch reflexes

Receptors of the postural reflexes include

According to the hierarchy of motor control,

Which of the following does not describe the highest hierarchical level of motor control? It

Which of the following statements about control of body movement is true?

In the primary motor cortex,representation of the left half of the body is primarily on the right side of the brain.

Intrafusal muscle fibers

Crossed-extensor reflexes,but not stretch reflexes,are important postural reflexes.

Afferent fibers from muscle-spindle stretch receptors in a muscle make excitatory synaptic contact with motor neurons that innervate the extrafusal fibers of the same muscle.

The crossed-extensor reflex in a limb

The cerebellum

The thalamus is an important relay station for feedback of information to the basal ganglia from the motor cortex.

One of the primary roles of the cerebellum is to compare a given program for movement with the actual movement as it occurs and to make adjustments in the movement and in the program.

Implantation of electrodes into the substantia nigra/basal nuclei region as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is intended to deliver an electrical shock in order to ______ which will produce more normal voluntary executive motor function.

The basal ganglia

Which of the following symptoms is common following damage to the cerebellum?

Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology

Chemical Composition of the Body

Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism

Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes

Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers

Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior

Muscle

The Endocrine System

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions

The Digestion and Absorption of Food

Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance

Reproduction

The Immune System

Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases

Filters