Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

Identify the term for awareness of young children that helps them to know that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change its basic properties.

Three-year-old Amy walks by her grandmother's collection of glass animals and says "Those are a 'no-no'; don't touch." It would appear that Amy is using _____ to regulate her own behavior.

When experimenters ask children to judge whether two complex pictures are the same,preschool children tend to use a haphazard comparison strategy,not examining all of the details before making a judgment,exhibiting a lack of:

In Central European countries,such as Hungary,kindergarten children participate in exercises designed to improve their _____.An eye-contact exercise in which the teacher sits in the center of a circle of children and each child is required to catch the teacher's eye before being permitted to leave the group is an example of this type of exercise.

When four-year-old Jared plays,he often talks to himself.This form is self-talk is used for self-regulation.Developmentalists call this:

3-year-old Zelda always asks questions like "Where Daddy is going?" and "What Mommy is doing?" This indicates that she is yet to learn the auxiliary-inversion rule and also to apply the rules of:

Over the past week,Walter has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces.Initially,his mother held his hands and worked his fingers through the process.Now that Walter is better at it,she only guides him verbally.Which of the following is this an example of?

What are the criticisms of the Montessori approach to early education?

Children can experience a number of sleep problems including narcolepsy which is characterized by:

Which of the following determines the categories for obesity,overweight,and at risk for being overweight?

Centration inhibits the ability to categorize items because it prevents one from:

The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n):

Four-year-old Nathan is good at stacking his playing blocks to make tall structures.However,he still knocks them over occasionally.Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?