Question 1

Pseudogenes are

Accepted Answer

A) not transcribed. 
B) transcribed but not translated. 
C) transcribed and translated. 
D) rare in the human genome. 
A) not transcribed. 
B) transcribed but not translated. 
C) transcribed and translated. 
D) rare in the human genome.

Question 2

Epigenetic changes

Accepted Answer

A) pass from one cell generation to the next but do not alter the DNA sequence. 
B) do not pass from one cell generation to the next but do alter the DNA sequence. 
C) irreversibly alter the DNA sequence and are only passed to the next cell generation if they add an advantage. 
D) alter the RNA codon,which are amino acid assignments of the genetic code. 
A) pass from one cell generation to the next but do not alter the DNA sequence. 
B) do not pass from one cell generation to the next but do alter the DNA sequence. 
C) irreversibly alter the DNA sequence and are only passed to the next cell generation if they add an advantage. 
D) alter the RNA codon,which are amino acid assignments of the genetic code.

Question 3

Globin chain switching replaces gamma chains with _____ chains in adult hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) epsilon 
B) zeta 
C) beta 
D) alpha 
A) epsilon 
B) zeta 
C) beta 
D) alpha

Question 4

A treatment for some forms of anemia is to take a drug that turns on transcription of fetal hemoglobin.This would increase the proportion of _____ globin chains.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) gamma 
C) delta 
D) epsilon 
A) alpha 
B) gamma 
C) delta 
D) epsilon

Question 5

About _____ percent of the human genome sequence comes from retroviruses.

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 12 
D) 21 
A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 12 
D) 21

Question 6

The main limitation of a drug that treats disease by altering chromatin remodeling is that

Accepted Answer

A) the changes would be passed on to daughter cells. 
B) it would change the number of copies of a gene that people inherit. 
C) it would change the expression of many other genes. 
D) the changes would be epigenetic. 
A) the changes would be passed on to daughter cells. 
B) it would change the number of copies of a gene that people inherit. 
C) it would change the expression of many other genes. 
D) the changes would be epigenetic.

Question 7

A typical human cell contains

Accepted Answer

A) one copy of each of 3.2 billion different microRNAs. 
B) one copy of each of about 20,000 different microRNAs. 
C) from 1,000 to 200,000 microRNAs. 
D) no microRNA unless the person develops cancer. 
A) one copy of each of 3.2 billion different microRNAs. 
B) one copy of each of about 20,000 different microRNAs. 
C) from 1,000 to 200,000 microRNAs. 
D) no microRNA unless the person develops cancer.

Question 8

tRNA genes account for _____ percent of the human genome.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.001 
B) 0.01 
C) 0.1 
D) 1 
A) 0.001 
B) 0.01 
C) 0.1 
D) 1

Question 9

In chromatin remodeling,acetyl groups bind

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA. 
B) the DNA sense strand. 
C) the amino acid lysine. 
D) microRNAs. 
A) mRNA. 
B) the DNA sense strand. 
C) the amino acid lysine. 
D) microRNAs.

Question 10

The term _____ refers to genes whose encoded proteins control lipid synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) genome 
B) lipidome 
C) proteome 
D) glycome 
A) genome 
B) lipidome 
C) proteome 
D) glycome

Question 11

The form of RNA that cuts rRNA molecules is

Accepted Answer

A) tRNAs. 
B) pseudogenes. 
C) snoRNAs. 
D) microRNAs. 
A) tRNAs. 
B) pseudogenes. 
C) snoRNAs. 
D) microRNAs.

Question 12

The reason for fetal globin chain switching is that

Accepted Answer

A) a fetus has four alpha globin chains and a newborn has four beta globin chains. 
B) a fetus's blood is clear until the sixth month and then globin chains turn it red. 
C) the newborn needs more iron than the fetus or embryo. 
D) the embryo and fetus receive different concentrations of oxygen compared to after birth. 
A) a fetus has four alpha globin chains and a newborn has four beta globin chains. 
B) a fetus's blood is clear until the sixth month and then globin chains turn it red. 
C) the newborn needs more iron than the fetus or embryo. 
D) the embryo and fetus receive different concentrations of oxygen compared to after birth.

Question 13

Chromatin remodeling can block _____ and microRNA binding can block _____.

Accepted Answer

A) transcription;translation 
B) translation;transcription 
C) synthesis of tRNAs;synthesis of rRNAs 
D) DNA replication;DNA repair 
A) transcription;translation 
B) translation;transcription 
C) synthesis of tRNAs;synthesis of rRNAs 
D) DNA replication;DNA repair

Question 14

Hemoglobin in the embryo consists of

Accepted Answer

A) two epsilon chains and two zeta chains. 
B) two gamma chains and two alpha chains. 
C) two gamma chains and two beta chains. 
D) one alpha chain,one beta chain,one epsilon chain,and one gamma chain. 
A) two epsilon chains and two zeta chains. 
B) two gamma chains and two alpha chains. 
C) two gamma chains and two beta chains. 
D) one alpha chain,one beta chain,one epsilon chain,and one gamma chain.

Question 15

The most abundant type of DNA repeat sequence is called a

Accepted Answer

A) genome. 
B) lipidome. 
C) proteome. 
D) transposon. 
A) genome. 
B) lipidome. 
C) proteome. 
D) transposon.

Question 16

Development of the pancreas in an embryo into a dual gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions begins when

Accepted Answer

A) insulin is produced and bathes stem cells. 
B) a transcription factor stimulates progenitor cells to give rise to exocrine or endocrine cells. 
C) a globin gene duplicates and gives rise to alpha and beta globin genes. 
D) progenitor cells become stem cells. 
A) insulin is produced and bathes stem cells. 
B) a transcription factor stimulates progenitor cells to give rise to exocrine or endocrine cells. 
C) a globin gene duplicates and gives rise to alpha and beta globin genes. 
D) progenitor cells become stem cells.

Question 17

Transcription factors account for a greater proportion of the proteome in a fetus compared to a 20-year-old because

Accepted Answer

A) many cells have already died in a 20-year-old. 
B) a fetus does not yet need many of its proteins. 
C) cells are actively differentiating,and many structures are forming in a fetus. 
D) an adult can carry out more activities than can a fetus. 
A) many cells have already died in a 20-year-old. 
B) a fetus does not yet need many of its proteins. 
C) cells are actively differentiating,and many structures are forming in a fetus. 
D) an adult can carry out more activities than can a fetus.

Question 18

Isoforms are

Accepted Answer

A) technologies that sequence DNA at very low temperatures. 
B) different types of RNA molecules. 
C) different versions of proteins that reflect different exon combinations. 
D) the patterns of acetyls,phosphates,and methyl groups that bind to a particular gene. 
A) technologies that sequence DNA at very low temperatures. 
B) different types of RNA molecules. 
C) different versions of proteins that reflect different exon combinations. 
D) the patterns of acetyls,phosphates,and methyl groups that bind to a particular gene.

Question 19

Rett syndrome results from

Accepted Answer

A) a microRNA that binds the wrong set of mRNA targets. 
B) unstable transposons. 
C) fetal hemoglobin that is reactivated in a child. 
D) abnormal methylation of a gene expressed in the brain. 
A) a microRNA that binds the wrong set of mRNA targets. 
B) unstable transposons. 
C) fetal hemoglobin that is reactivated in a child. 
D) abnormal methylation of a gene expressed in the brain.

Question 20

Gene expression profiles differ from classic gene maps in that

Accepted Answer

A) gene expression profiles depict the relative locations of genes on chromosomes,and classic gene maps show the increase and decrease of transcription with time or in different tissues. 
B) gene expression profiles depict the increase and decrease of transcription with time or in different tissues,and classic gene maps show the relative locations of genes on chromosomes. 
C) gene expression profiles measure DNA,and classic gene maps size-order the chromosomes. 
D) gene expression profiles sequence genomes,whereas classic gene maps do not actually sequence the DNA. 
A) gene expression profiles depict the relative locations of genes on chromosomes,and classic gene maps show the increase and decrease of transcription with time or in different tissues. 
B) gene expression profiles depict the increase and decrease of transcription with time or in different tissues,and classic gene maps show the relative locations of genes on chromosomes. 
C) gene expression profiles measure DNA,and classic gene maps size-order the chromosomes. 
D) gene expression profiles sequence genomes,whereas classic gene maps do not actually sequence the DNA.

Exam 11: Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Pseudogenes are

Epigenetic changes

Globin chain switching replaces gamma chains with _____ chains in adult hemoglobin.

A treatment for some forms of anemia is to take a drug that turns on transcription of fetal hemoglobin.This would increase the proportion of _____ globin chains.

About _____ percent of the human genome sequence comes from retroviruses.

The main limitation of a drug that treats disease by altering chromatin remodeling is that

A typical human cell contains

tRNA genes account for _____ percent of the human genome.

In chromatin remodeling,acetyl groups bind

The term _____ refers to genes whose encoded proteins control lipid synthesis.

The form of RNA that cuts rRNA molecules is

The reason for fetal globin chain switching is that

Chromatin remodeling can block _____ and microRNA binding can block _____.

Hemoglobin in the embryo consists of

The most abundant type of DNA repeat sequence is called a

Development of the pancreas in an embryo into a dual gland that has both exocrine and endocrine functions begins when

Transcription factors account for a greater proportion of the proteome in a fetus compared to a 20-year-old because

Isoforms are

Rett syndrome results from

Gene expression profiles differ from classic gene maps in that

What Is in a Human Genome

Cells

Meiosis,Development and Aging

Single-Gene Inheritance

Beyond Mendels Laws

Matters of Sex

Multifactorial Traits

Genetics of Behavior

DNA Structure and Replication

Gene Action: From DNA to Protein

Gene Mutation

Chromosomes

Constant Allele Frequencies

Changing Allele Frequencies

Human Ancestry and Evolution

Genetics of Immunity

Cancer Genetics and Genomics

Genetic Technologies: Patenting, modifying, and Monitoring Dna

Genetic Testing and Treatment

Reproductive Technologies

Genomics

Filters

Chromatin remodeling can block _ and microRNA binding can block _.