Question 1

Antivirals that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat

Accepted Answer

A) influenza A virus. 
B) HIV. 
C) herpes zoster virus. 
D) respiratory syncytial virus. 
E) hepatitis C virus. 
A) influenza A virus. 
B) HIV. 
C) herpes zoster virus. 
D) respiratory syncytial virus. 
E) hepatitis C virus. B

Question 2

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as a result, they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Accepted Answer

folic acid

Question 3

Which of the following antimicrobials is contraindicated for children due to permanent tooth discoloration?

Accepted Answer

A) penicillin G 
B) tetracycline 
C) gentamicin 
D) vancomycin 
E) erythromycin 
A) penicillin G 
B) tetracycline 
C) gentamicin 
D) vancomycin 
E) erythromycin B

Question 4

Salvarsan was

Accepted Answer

A) discovered in the mid 1900s. 
B) used to treat syphilis. 
C) formulated from the red dye prontosil. 
D) first discovered as a product of Penicillium notatum. 
E) discovered by Robert Koch. 
A) discovered in the mid 1900s. 
B) used to treat syphilis. 
C) formulated from the red dye prontosil. 
D) first discovered as a product of Penicillium notatum. 
E) discovered by Robert Koch.

Question 5

Gram-negative bacilli are often treated with

Accepted Answer

A) penicillin G. 
B) vancomycin. 
C) aminoglycosides. 
D) synercid. 
E) isoniazid. 
A) penicillin G. 
B) vancomycin. 
C) aminoglycosides. 
D) synercid. 
E) isoniazid.

Question 6

All of the following are problems in the management of antibiotic usage, except

Accepted Answer

A) the selection of antibiotics based on results of appropriate antibiotic susceptibility testing. 
B) the sale of many antibiotics over-the-counter in foreign countries. 
C) extensive use of broad-spectrum drugs for minor infections. 
D) the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory viral infections. 
E) There are no exceptions here.All of these are challenges in the management of antibiotic usage. 
A) the selection of antibiotics based on results of appropriate antibiotic susceptibility testing. 
B) the sale of many antibiotics over-the-counter in foreign countries. 
C) extensive use of broad-spectrum drugs for minor infections. 
D) the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory viral infections. 
E) There are no exceptions here.All of these are challenges in the management of antibiotic usage.

Question 7

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If pathogen A is more resistant to...

Question 8

Aminoglycosides

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules. 
A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.

Question 9

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) gentamicin 
B) vancomycin 
C) cephalosporins 
D) penicllins 
E) clavamox 
A) gentamicin 
B) vancomycin 
C) cephalosporins 
D) penicllins 
E) clavamox

Question 10

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all have

Accepted Answer

A) a beta-lactam ring. 
B) resistance to the action of penicillinase. 
C) a semisynthetic nature. 
D) an expanded spectrum of activity. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) a beta-lactam ring. 
B) resistance to the action of penicillinase. 
C) a semisynthetic nature. 
D) an expanded spectrum of activity. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

________ are preparations of live microorganisms that are fed to animals and humans to modify the intestinal flora.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are preparations of live microorganisms that...

Question 12

What is vancomycin most often used to treat?

Accepted Answer

A) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Clostridium difficile 
C) Streptococcus pyogenes 
D) Escherichia coli 
E) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile 
A) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Clostridium difficile 
C) Streptococcus pyogenes 
D) Escherichia coli 
E) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile

Question 13

Describe how the therapeutic index of a drug is determined and explain its function.

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic index of a drug is deter

Question 14

Antimicrobics effective against only gram-positive bacteria would be termed

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotics. 
B) narrow-spectrum drugs. 
C) semisynthetic drugs. 
D) synthetic drugs. 
E) broad-spectrum drugs. 
A) antibiotics. 
B) narrow-spectrum drugs. 
C) semisynthetic drugs. 
D) synthetic drugs. 
E) broad-spectrum drugs.

Question 15

Mebendazole, niclosamide, and ivermectin are drugs used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus 
A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus

Question 16

The multidrug resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes cause

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial chromosomal mutations. 
B) synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure. 
C) removal of drugs from the cell. 
D) alteration of drug receptors on cell targets. 
E) All of these choices are correct. 
A) bacterial chromosomal mutations. 
B) synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure. 
C) removal of drugs from the cell. 
D) alteration of drug receptors on cell targets. 
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for zidovudine?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a thymine analog that interferes with the synthesis of DNA from the HIV RNA template. 
B) It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. 
C) It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. 
D) It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. 
E) It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome. 
A) It is a thymine analog that interferes with the synthesis of DNA from the HIV RNA template. 
B) It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. 
C) It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. 
D) It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. 
E) It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome.

Question 18

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus 
A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus

Question 19

An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that

Accepted Answer

A) blocks penetration. 
B) blocks DNA replication. 
C) inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking. 
D) blocks maturation. 
E) bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane. 
A) blocks penetration. 
B) blocks DNA replication. 
C) inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking. 
D) blocks maturation. 
E) bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane.

Question 20

A "shotgun" approach to antimicrobial therapy involves

Accepted Answer

A) giving a narrow-spectrum drug. 
B) culturing the pathogen and identifying it. 
C) performing the disk diffusion assay. 
D) using a broad-spectrum drug so that the chance of killing the pathogen is greater. 
E) using antiviral and antibiotic drugs in combination. 
A) giving a narrow-spectrum drug. 
B) culturing the pathogen and identifying it. 
C) performing the disk diffusion assay. 
D) using a broad-spectrum drug so that the chance of killing the pathogen is greater. 
E) using antiviral and antibiotic drugs in combination.

Exam 12: Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Antivirals that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as a result, they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Which of the following antimicrobials is contraindicated for children due to permanent tooth discoloration?

Salvarsan was

Gram-negative bacilli are often treated with

All of the following are problems in the management of antibiotic usage, except

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B.

Aminoglycosides

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all have

________ are preparations of live microorganisms that are fed to animals and humans to modify the intestinal flora.

What is vancomycin most often used to treat?

Describe how the therapeutic index of a drug is determined and explain its function.

Antimicrobics effective against only gram-positive bacteria would be termed

Mebendazole, niclosamide, and ivermectin are drugs used to treat _____ infections.

The multidrug resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes cause

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for zidovudine?

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that

A "shotgun" approach to antimicrobial therapy involves

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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