Question 1

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to

Accepted Answer

A) autoantibodies. 
B) delayed hypersensitivity. 
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. 
D) failure of B cell development and maturity. 
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells. 
A) autoantibodies. 
B) delayed hypersensitivity. 
C) congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. 
D) failure of B cell development and maturity. 
E) a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells. E

Question 2

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are

Accepted Answer

A) Type 1 only. 
B) Type 1 and Type 4. 
C) Type 4 only. 
D) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3. 
E) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. 
A) Type 1 only. 
B) Type 1 and Type 4. 
C) Type 4 only. 
D) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3. 
E) Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. D

Question 3

Write a definition for immunopathology and discuss the four major categories of immune system responses with specific examples for each.

Accepted Answer

Immunopathology is the study of diseases and disorders caused by the immune system's abnormal response to foreign substances or the body's own tissues. This field of study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of immune system dysfunction and its impact on health.

There are four major categories of immune system responses: hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and transplant rejection.

1. Hypersensitivity: This category includes allergic reactions and is characterized by an exaggerated immune response to harmless substances. Examples include allergic rhinitis (hay fever) triggered by pollen, and anaphylaxis caused by exposure to certain foods or insect stings.

2. Autoimmunity: In this category, the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own cells and tissues. Examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and type 1 diabetes.

3. Immunodeficiency: This category refers to conditions in which the immune system is weakened or compromised, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Examples include HIV/AIDS, which impairs the function of the immune system, and primary immunodeficiency disorders such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

4. Transplant rejection: This category involves the immune system's rejection of transplanted organs or tissues as foreign. Examples include rejection of a transplanted kidney, heart, or liver, which can occur despite efforts to match the donor and recipient's tissues as closely as possible.

Understanding these categories of immune system responses is crucial for diagnosing and treating immunopathology-related conditions, as well as for developing targeted therapies to modulate immune system function.

Question 4

Epinephrine

Accepted Answer

A) is an antihistamine. 
B) reverses constriction of airways. 
C) causes desensitization. 
D) inhibits the activity of lymphocytes. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is an antihistamine. 
B) reverses constriction of airways. 
C) causes desensitization. 
D) inhibits the activity of lymphocytes. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the

Accepted Answer

A) sensitizing dose. 
B) provocative dose. 
C) allergic dose. 
D) hypersensitivity dose. 
E) desensitizing dose. 
A) sensitizing dose. 
B) provocative dose. 
C) allergic dose. 
D) hypersensitivity dose. 
E) desensitizing dose.

Question 6

When grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes, what could result?

Accepted Answer

A) Host rejection of graft 
B) Graft versus host disease 
C) Formation of autoantibodies 
D) Hypogammaglobulinemia 
E) None of the choices are correct 
A) Host rejection of graft 
B) Graft versus host disease 
C) Formation of autoantibodies 
D) Hypogammaglobulinemia 
E) None of the choices are correct

Question 7

The antigens to which allergic individuals are sensitive are termed _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The antigens to which allergic individuals are...

Question 8

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

Accepted Answer

A) Ingestant 
B) Inhalant 
C) Injectant 
D) Contactant 
E) None of the choices are correct 
A) Ingestant 
B) Inhalant 
C) Injectant 
D) Contactant 
E) None of the choices are correct

Question 9

The ___________ theory explains that during embryonic growth, some tissues are immunologically privileged.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ___________ theory explains that during embryonic...

Question 10

Mold spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

Accepted Answer

A) Ingestant 
B) Inhalant 
C) Injectant 
D) Contactant 
E) None of the choices are correct 
A) Ingestant 
B) Inhalant 
C) Injectant 
D) Contactant 
E) None of the choices are correct

Question 11

Compare and contrast local atopies and contact dermatitis with regard to: a) components and events of the immune response, b) tissue damaging mediators, and c) two examples of each.

Accepted Answer

a) Components and events of the immune r

Question 12

_____ involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ involves determination of donor HLA antigens...

Question 13

Allergic _________ is a seasonal reaction to inhaled pollen or molds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Allergic _________ is a seasonal reaction to...

Question 14

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except

Accepted Answer

A) rheumatoid arthritis. 
B) myasthenia gravis. 
C) Graves' disease. 
D) tuberculin reaction. 
E) multiple sclerosis. 
A) rheumatoid arthritis. 
B) myasthenia gravis. 
C) Graves' disease. 
D) tuberculin reaction. 
E) multiple sclerosis.

Question 15

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called an _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tissue transplanted from one body site on...

Question 16

All of the following are correct about Type O blood, except

Accepted Answer

A) persons with this type of blood are considered universal donors. 
B) persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC. 
C) persons with this type of blood have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. 
D) this is the most common blood type among all racial groups in the U.S. 
E) None of the above. 
A) persons with this type of blood are considered universal donors. 
B) persons with this type of blood carry an O antigen on their RBC. 
C) persons with this type of blood have anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. 
D) this is the most common blood type among all racial groups in the U.S. 
E) None of the above.

Question 17

What is the Arthus reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) An autoimmune disorder. 
B) An acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site. 
C) A positive tuberculosis skin test. 
D) The lysis of RBC due to complement during an incorrect blood transfusion. 
E) The name given to skin wheals that occur during an allergy skin test. 
A) An autoimmune disorder. 
B) An acute response to a second injection of vaccines at the same site. 
C) A positive tuberculosis skin test. 
D) The lysis of RBC due to complement during an incorrect blood transfusion. 
E) The name given to skin wheals that occur during an allergy skin test.

Question 18

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?

Accepted Answer

A) Degranulation 
B) Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) Histamine acts on smooth muscle 
E) Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability 
A) Degranulation 
B) Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils 
C) Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils 
D) Histamine acts on smooth muscle 
E) Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Question 19

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in basement membranes occur in

Accepted Answer

A) serum sickness. 
B) delayed hypersensitivity. 
C) anaphylaxis. 
D) hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) serum sickness. 
B) delayed hypersensitivity. 
C) anaphylaxis. 
D) hemolytic disease of the newborn. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Cancer cells can not displace normal blood cells and bone marrow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Disorders in Immunity

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are

Write a definition for immunopathology and discuss the four major categories of immune system responses with specific examples for each.

Epinephrine

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the

When grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes, what could result?

The antigens to which allergic individuals are sensitive are termed _____.

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

The ___________ theory explains that during embryonic growth, some tissues are immunologically privileged.

Mold spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

Compare and contrast local atopies and contact dermatitis with regard to: a) components and events of the immune response, b) tissue damaging mediators, and c) two examples of each.

_____ involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue.

Allergic _________ is a seasonal reaction to inhaled pollen or molds.

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all the following diseases, except

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called an _____.

All of the following are correct about Type O blood, except

What is the Arthus reaction?

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes that deposit in basement membranes occur in

Cancer cells can not displace normal blood cells and bone marrow.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

An Introduction to Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection, Disease, and Epidemiology

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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