Question 1

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobics include

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial chromosomal mutations. 
B) synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure. 
C) prevention of drug entry into the cell. 
D) alteration of drug receptors on cell targets. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) bacterial chromosomal mutations. 
B) synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure. 
C) prevention of drug entry into the cell. 
D) alteration of drug receptors on cell targets. 
E) All of the choices are correct. E

Question 2

Which antimicrobic does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) aminoglycosides 
B) tetracyclines 
C) erythromycin 
D) trimethroprim 
E) chloramphenicol 
A) aminoglycosides 
B) tetracyclines 
C) erythromycin 
D) trimethroprim 
E) chloramphenicol D

Question 3

All of the following pertain to cephalosporins except

Accepted Answer

A) they have a beta-lactam ring. 
B) greater resistance to beta-lactamases. 
C) newer generations have activity against gram negatives. 
D) many administered by injection not orally. 
E) they are synthetic drugs. 
A) they have a beta-lactam ring. 
B) greater resistance to beta-lactamases. 
C) newer generations have activity against gram negatives. 
D) many administered by injection not orally. 
E) they are synthetic drugs. E

Question 4

A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is

Accepted Answer

A) synercid. 
B) penicillinase. 
C) aztreonam. 
D) clavulanic acid. 
E) imipenem. 
A) synercid. 
B) penicillinase. 
C) aztreonam. 
D) clavulanic acid. 
E) imipenem.

Question 5

The drug that can cause aplastic anemia, and is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses is

Accepted Answer

A) chloramphenicol. 
B) clindamycin. 
C) ciprofloxacin. 
D) bacitracin. 
E) gentamicin. 
A) chloramphenicol. 
B) clindamycin. 
C) ciprofloxacin. 
D) bacitracin. 
E) gentamicin.

Question 6

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobics in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen.What is this microbiologist setting up?

Accepted Answer

A) Kirby-Bauer technique. 
B) antibiogram 
C) E-test 
D) minimum inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  
E) therapeutic index (TI) 
A) Kirby-Bauer technique. 
B) antibiogram 
C) E-test 
D) minimum inhibitory concentration (MI
C)  
E) therapeutic index (TI)

Question 7

The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface, seeded with the test bacterium, to which small discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

There are fewer antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because these organisms

Accepted Answer

A) do not cause many human infections. 
B) are not affected by antimicrobics. 
C) are so similar to human cells that selective drug toxicity is difficult to achieve. 
D) are parasites found inside human cells. 
E) have fewer target sites compared to bacteria. 
A) do not cause many human infections. 
B) are not affected by antimicrobics. 
C) are so similar to human cells that selective drug toxicity is difficult to achieve. 
D) are parasites found inside human cells. 
E) have fewer target sites compared to bacteria.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. 
B) It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. 
C) It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. 
D) It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. 
E) It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome. 
A) It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. 
B) It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. 
C) It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. 
D) It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. 
E) It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome.

Question 11

Sulfonamides

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules. 
A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.

Question 12

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotics. 
B) narrow-spectrum drugs. 
C) semisynthetic drugs. 
D) synthetic drugs. 
E) broad-spectrum drugs 
A) antibiotics. 
B) narrow-spectrum drugs. 
C) semisynthetic drugs. 
D) synthetic drugs. 
E) broad-spectrum drugs

Question 13

Which organ is responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying foreign chemicals in the blood, including drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) Liver 
B) Kidneys 
C) Gall bladder 
D) Spleen 
E) Stomach 
A) Liver 
B) Kidneys 
C) Gall bladder 
D) Spleen 
E) Stomach

Question 14

The most versatile and useful antifungal drug that is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections is

Accepted Answer

A) nystatin. 
B) griseofulvin. 
C) amphotericin B. 
D) sulfa drugs. 
E) metronidazole. 
A) nystatin. 
B) griseofulvin. 
C) amphotericin B. 
D) sulfa drugs. 
E) metronidazole.

Question 15

Salvarsan was

Accepted Answer

A) discovered in the mid-1900's. 
B) used to treat syphilis. 
C) formulated from the red dye prontosil. 
D) first discovered as a product of Penicillium notatum. 
E) discovered by Robert Koch. 
A) discovered in the mid-1900's. 
B) used to treat syphilis. 
C) formulated from the red dye prontosil. 
D) first discovered as a product of Penicillium notatum. 
E) discovered by Robert Koch.

Question 16

The multidrug resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes cause

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial chromosomal mutations. 
B) synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure. 
C) prevention of drug entry into the cell. 
D) alteration of drug receptors on cell targets. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) bacterial chromosomal mutations. 
B) synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure. 
C) prevention of drug entry into the cell. 
D) alteration of drug receptors on cell targets. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) gentamicin 
B) vancomycin 
C) cephalosporins 
D) penicillins 
E) clavamox 
A) gentamicin 
B) vancomycin 
C) cephalosporins 
D) penicillins 
E) clavamox

Question 18

Short peptides produced by bacteria that inhibit the growth of other bacteria are called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Short peptides produced by bacteria that inhibit...

Question 19

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen
B.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If pathogen A is more resistant to...

Question 20

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus 
A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus

Exam 12: Drugs, Microbes, Host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobics include

Which antimicrobic does not interfere with protein synthesis?

All of the following pertain to cephalosporins except

A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is

The drug that can cause aplastic anemia, and is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses is

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobics in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen.What is this microbiologist setting up?

The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface, seeded with the test bacterium, to which small discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface.

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

There are fewer antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because these organisms

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT?

Sulfonamides

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called

Which organ is responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying foreign chemicals in the blood, including drugs?

The most versatile and useful antifungal drug that is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections is

Salvarsan was

The multidrug resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes cause

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Short peptides produced by bacteria that inhibit the growth of other bacteria are called _____.

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B.

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

An Introduction to Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection, Disease, and Epidemiology

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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