Question 1

Discuss why the use of broad-spectrum oral antimicrobics often lead to oral thrush and vulvovaginal candidiasis superinfections.

Accepted Answer

The use of broad-spectrum oral antimicrobials can often lead to oral thrush and vulvovaginal candidiasis superinfections due to their impact on the natural balance of microorganisms in the body. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials are designed to target a wide range of bacteria, including both harmful and beneficial ones. This can disrupt the normal flora in the mouth and vagina, allowing for the overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of yeast that is normally present in small amounts.

When the balance of microorganisms is disrupted, Candida albicans can multiply and cause infections such as oral thrush in the mouth and vulvovaginal candidiasis in the vagina. These infections are characterized by symptoms such as white patches in the mouth, soreness, and itching in the vaginal area.

Additionally, broad-spectrum antimicrobials can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off fungal infections. This further contributes to the development of superinfections.

To prevent these superinfections, it is important for healthcare providers to consider the potential impact of broad-spectrum antimicrobials on the body's natural flora and to prescribe them judiciously. Patients should also be educated about the risk of superinfections and be advised to practice good oral and vaginal hygiene while taking these medications. If superinfections do occur, antifungal treatments may be necessary to address the overgrowth of Candida albicans.

Question 2

Most mycoses are not communicable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The most common route of transmission for true pathogenic fungi is ingestion of spores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Paracoccidioides is

Accepted Answer

A) a superficial mycosis. 
B) endemic to regions of Central and South America. 
C) only seen in immunocompromised patients. 
D) also known as Valley Fever. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) a superficial mycosis. 
B) endemic to regions of Central and South America. 
C) only seen in immunocompromised patients. 
D) also known as Valley Fever. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Accepted Answer

A) causes Gilchrist disease and Chicago disease. 
B) is transmitted by skin contact with fomites. 
C) is a dermatophyte. 
D) usually enters through the gastrointestinal tract 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) causes Gilchrist disease and Chicago disease. 
B) is transmitted by skin contact with fomites. 
C) is a dermatophyte. 
D) usually enters through the gastrointestinal tract 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Explain why Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci has been difficult to classify, and why traditional antifungal drugs are not effective against this microbe.

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci has been

Question 7

The nodular, tumor-like fungal growths seen in certain chronic lung infections are called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nodular, tumor-like fungal growths seen in...

Question 8

All of the following are dimorphic, true fungal pathogens except

Accepted Answer

A) Candida. 
B) Histoplasma. 
C) Blastomyces. 
D) Coccidioides. 
E) Paracoccidioides. 
A) Candida. 
B) Histoplasma. 
C) Blastomyces. 
D) Coccidioides. 
E) Paracoccidioides.

Question 9

Adding salt and sugar can control the growth of certain bacteria but not fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Transmission of tineas include

Accepted Answer

A) human to human 
B) animal to human 
C) soil to human 
D) fomites to human 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) human to human 
B) animal to human 
C) soil to human 
D) fomites to human 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

The routes of entry for most fungi into the body are

Accepted Answer

A) urinary and reproductive. 
B) digestive and respiratory. 
C) blood and wounds. 
D) respiratory and cutaneous. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) urinary and reproductive. 
B) digestive and respiratory. 
C) blood and wounds. 
D) respiratory and cutaneous. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Fungal spores, are common allergens that cause hypersensitivities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which antifungal drug inhibits cell division of the fungus?

Accepted Answer

A) ketoconazole (Nizoral) 
B) fluconazole 
C) terbinafine (Lamisil) 
D) amphotericin B 
E) griseofulvin 
A) ketoconazole (Nizoral) 
B) fluconazole 
C) terbinafine (Lamisil) 
D) amphotericin B 
E) griseofulvin

Question 14

Chromoblastomycosis

Accepted Answer

A) is caused by saprobes with dark-pigmented mycelia and spores. 
B) is caused by dimorphic fungi. 
C) is a systemic infection. 
D) is a serious respiratory tract infection. 
E) has a peak incidence in Alaska. 
A) is caused by saprobes with dark-pigmented mycelia and spores. 
B) is caused by dimorphic fungi. 
C) is a systemic infection. 
D) is a serious respiratory tract infection. 
E) has a peak incidence in Alaska.

Question 15

Menthol and camphor (VicksTM) are effective treatments against

Accepted Answer

A) chromoblastomycosis. 
B) ringworm. 
C) Histoplasmosis. 
D) tinea versicolor. 
E) blastomycosis. 
A) chromoblastomycosis. 
B) ringworm. 
C) Histoplasmosis. 
D) tinea versicolor. 
E) blastomycosis.

Question 16

Fungi cannot be found growing in nutritionally poor and adverse conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Cryptococcus neoformans has the following characteristics, except

Accepted Answer

A) commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia 
B) a capsulated yeast 
C) in high numbers in soil containing pigeon droppings 
D) usually enters body by inhalation 
E) primarily infects patients with AIDS, cancer, and diabetes 
A) commonly found in the human mouth, intestines, and genitalia 
B) a capsulated yeast 
C) in high numbers in soil containing pigeon droppings 
D) usually enters body by inhalation 
E) primarily infects patients with AIDS, cancer, and diabetes

Question 18

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Accepted Answer

A) has protozoan and fungal characteristics. 
B) lacks ergosterol in its plasma membrane. 
C) is an obligate parasite. 
D) causes serious infection in elderly, premature infants, and AIDS patients. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) has protozoan and fungal characteristics. 
B) lacks ergosterol in its plasma membrane. 
C) is an obligate parasite. 
D) causes serious infection in elderly, premature infants, and AIDS patients. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Trichophyton species infect hair, skin, and nails, whereas Microsporum species infect hair and skin but not nails.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Diseases caused by fungi are termed _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diseases caused by fungi are termed _____....

Exam 22: The Fungi of Medical Importance

Discuss why the use of broad-spectrum oral antimicrobics often lead to oral thrush and vulvovaginal candidiasis superinfections.

Most mycoses are not communicable.

The most common route of transmission for true pathogenic fungi is ingestion of spores.

Paracoccidioides is

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Explain why Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci has been difficult to classify, and why traditional antifungal drugs are not effective against this microbe.

The nodular, tumor-like fungal growths seen in certain chronic lung infections are called _____.

All of the following are dimorphic, true fungal pathogens except

Adding salt and sugar can control the growth of certain bacteria but not fungi.

Transmission of tineas include

The routes of entry for most fungi into the body are

Fungal spores, are common allergens that cause hypersensitivities.

Which antifungal drug inhibits cell division of the fungus?

Chromoblastomycosis

Menthol and camphor (VicksTM) are effective treatments against

Fungi cannot be found growing in nutritionally poor and adverse conditions.

Cryptococcus neoformans has the following characteristics, except

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Trichophyton species infect hair, skin, and nails, whereas Microsporum species infect hair and skin but not nails.

Diseases caused by fungi are termed _____.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters

Menthol and camphor (Vicks^TM) are effective treatments against