Question 1

A disadvantage of using a live microbe in a vaccine is it can conceivably mutate back to a virulent strain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which is incorrect about the Fc region of an immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

A) It determines the antibody's distribution in the body. 
B) It forms the antigen binding sites. 
C) It contains an effector molecule that can bind to cells such as macrophages and mast cells. 
D) It contains an effector molecule that can fix complement. 
E) It determines the class to which the immunoglobulin belongs. 
A) It determines the antibody's distribution in the body. 
B) It forms the antigen binding sites. 
C) It contains an effector molecule that can bind to cells such as macrophages and mast cells. 
D) It contains an effector molecule that can fix complement. 
E) It determines the class to which the immunoglobulin belongs. B

Question 3

Superantigens are

Accepted Answer

A) body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign. 
B) cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members. 
C) bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens. 
D) those that evoke allergic reactions. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign. 
B) cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members. 
C) bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens. 
D) those that evoke allergic reactions. 
E) None of the choices are correct. C

Question 4

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immugenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

Accepted Answer

A) Adjuvant 
B) Booster 
C) Antibodies to toxin 
D) Gamma globulin 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine 
A) Adjuvant 
B) Booster 
C) Antibodies to toxin 
D) Gamma globulin 
E) "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine

Question 5

The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is

Accepted Answer

A) IgA. 
B) IgD. 
C) IgE. 
D) IgG. 
E) IgM. 
A) IgA. 
B) IgD. 
C) IgE. 
D) IgG. 
E) IgM.

Question 6

The process of clonal deletion is designed to

Accepted Answer

A) destroy clones of lymphocytes able to react to self molecules. 
B) slow down the primary immune response to an antigen. 
C) slow down the secondary immune response to an antigen. 
D) limit the number of lymphocyte clones an individual has in order to make the system more efficient. 
E) slow down the immune system in the elderly. 
A) destroy clones of lymphocytes able to react to self molecules. 
B) slow down the primary immune response to an antigen. 
C) slow down the secondary immune response to an antigen. 
D) limit the number of lymphocyte clones an individual has in order to make the system more efficient. 
E) slow down the immune system in the elderly.

Question 7

All of the following characterize the secondary response to an antigen except

Accepted Answer

A) a higher titer of antibody is produced than the primary response. 
B) a longer persistence of antibody than with the primary response. 
C) a quicker rate of antibody synthesis than the primary response. 
D) it is mostly IgM antibodies that are produced. 
E) it is also known as the anamnestic response. 
A) a higher titer of antibody is produced than the primary response. 
B) a longer persistence of antibody than with the primary response. 
C) a quicker rate of antibody synthesis than the primary response. 
D) it is mostly IgM antibodies that are produced. 
E) it is also known as the anamnestic response.

Question 8

The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) sensitized T cells. 
C) activated macrophages. 
D) plasma cells. 
E) Bursa cells. 
A) antibodies. 
B) sensitized T cells. 
C) activated macrophages. 
D) plasma cells. 
E) Bursa cells.

Question 9

An example of natural passive immunity would be

Accepted Answer

A) chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

In the secondary response to an antigen, the predominant antibody is

Accepted Answer

A) IgD. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM. 
E) IgA. 
A) IgD. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM. 
E) IgA.

Question 11

Lymphocyte maturation involves

Accepted Answer

A) hormonal signals that initiate development. 
B) B cells maturing in bone marrow sites. 
C) T cells maturing in the thymus. 
D) release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) hormonal signals that initiate development. 
B) B cells maturing in bone marrow sites. 
C) T cells maturing in the thymus. 
D) release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs. 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 12

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is very different from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the

Accepted Answer

A) variable region. 
B) joining region. 
C) constant region. 
D) light region. 
E) hinge region. 
A) variable region. 
B) joining region. 
C) constant region. 
D) light region. 
E) hinge region.

Question 13

T cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires

Accepted Answer

A) typically a protein antigen. 
B) binding of T cell to a Class II MHC receptor on an antigen-presenting cell. 
C) binding of T cell to a site on the antigen. 
D) interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) typically a protein antigen. 
B) binding of T cell to a Class II MHC receptor on an antigen-presenting cell. 
C) binding of T cell to a site on the antigen. 
D) interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

The differences in the classes of immunoglobulins are due primarily to variations in the Fc fragment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one antigenic determinant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule...

Question 16

Edward Jenner's work involved

Accepted Answer

A) inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity. 
B) development of passive immunotherapy. 
C) development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox. 
D) immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity. 
B) development of passive immunotherapy. 
C) development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox. 
D) immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Class II MHC genes code for

Accepted Answer

A) certain secreted complement components. 
B) self receptors recognized by natural killer cells. 
C) all HLA antigens. 
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. 
E) all of the choices are correct. 
A) certain secreted complement components. 
B) self receptors recognized by natural killer cells. 
C) all HLA antigens. 
D) receptors located primarily on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. 
E) all of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Antigen presenting cells

Accepted Answer

A) include dendritic cells. 
B) include macrophages. 
C) engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic. 
D) hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) include dendritic cells. 
B) include macrophages. 
C) engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic. 
D) hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

An example of artificial active immunity would be

Accepted Answer

A) chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. 
B) chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. 
C) giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. 
D) a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Antitoxins

Accepted Answer

A) contain antibodies to neutralize specific toxin. 
B) use Vaccinia virus with genetic material of bacterial toxins. 
C) contain purified, chemically denatured bacterial exotoxin. 
D) include capsule material against the pneumococcus and meningococcus. 
A) contain antibodies to neutralize specific toxin. 
B) use Vaccinia virus with genetic material of bacterial toxins. 
C) contain purified, chemically denatured bacterial exotoxin. 
D) include capsule material against the pneumococcus and meningococcus.

Exam 15: Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

A disadvantage of using a live microbe in a vaccine is it can conceivably mutate back to a virulent strain.

Which is incorrect about the Fc region of an immunoglobulin?

Superantigens are

Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immugenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site?

The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is

The process of clonal deletion is designed to

All of the following characterize the secondary response to an antigen except

The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called

An example of natural passive immunity would be

In the secondary response to an antigen, the predominant antibody is

Lymphocyte maturation involves

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is very different from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the

T cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires

The differences in the classes of immunoglobulins are due primarily to variations in the Fc fragment.

Each _____ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one antigenic determinant.

Edward Jenner's work involved

Class II MHC genes code for

Antigen presenting cells

An example of artificial active immunity would be

Antitoxins

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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