Question 1

A "shotgun" approach to antimicrobial therapy involves

Accepted Answer

A) giving a narrow spectrum drug. 
B) culturing the pathogen and identifying it. 
C) performing the disk diffusion assay. 
D) using a broad spectrum drug so that the chance of killing the pathogen is greater. 
E) using antiviral and antibiotic drugs in combination. 
A) giving a narrow spectrum drug. 
B) culturing the pathogen and identifying it. 
C) performing the disk diffusion assay. 
D) using a broad spectrum drug so that the chance of killing the pathogen is greater. 
E) using antiviral and antibiotic drugs in combination. D

Question 2

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with DNA synthesis. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block the peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules. 
A) interfere with DNA synthesis. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block the peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules. E

Question 3

Which of the following will influence a physician's decision to prescribe an antimicrobial?

Accepted Answer

A) patient age 
B) pregnancy 
C) liver function 
D) alcohol use 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) patient age 
B) pregnancy 
C) liver function 
D) alcohol use 
E) All of the choices are correct. E

Question 4

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) gentamicin 
B) vancomycin 
C) cephalosporins 
D) penicillins 
E) clavamox 
A) gentamicin 
B) vancomycin 
C) cephalosporins 
D) penicillins 
E) clavamox

Question 5

The most versatile and useful antifungal drug that is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections is

Accepted Answer

A) nystatin. 
B) griseofulvin. 
C) amphotericin B. 
D) sulfa drugs. 
E) metronidazole. 
A) nystatin. 
B) griseofulvin. 
C) amphotericin B. 
D) sulfa drugs. 
E) metronidazole.

Question 6

The drug used against intestinal anaerobic bacteria, that can also alter normal flora causing antibiotic-associated colitis is

Accepted Answer

A) chloramphenicol. 
B) clindamycin. 
C) ciprofloxacin. 
D) bacitracin. 
E) gentamicin. 
A) chloramphenicol. 
B) clindamycin. 
C) ciprofloxacin. 
D) bacitracin. 
E) gentamicin.

Question 7

Sulfonamides

Accepted Answer

A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules. 
A) interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan. 
B) are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis. 
C) attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis. 
D) damage cell membranes. 
E) block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a mode of action of an anti-viral?

Accepted Answer

A) block penetration 
B) block transcription and translation 
C) inhibit DNA synthesis 
D) block maturation 
E) bond to ergosterol in the cell membrane 
A) block penetration 
B) block transcription and translation 
C) inhibit DNA synthesis 
D) block maturation 
E) bond to ergosterol in the cell membrane

Question 9

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobics in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen.What is this microbiologist setting up?

Accepted Answer

A) Kirby-Bauer 
B) antibiogram 
C) E-test 
D) MIC 
E) therapeutic index (TI) 
A) Kirby-Bauer 
B) antibiogram 
C) E-test 
D) MIC 
E) therapeutic index (TI)

Question 10

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. 
B) It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. 
C) It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. 
D) It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. 
E) It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome. 
A) It is a thymine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis. 
B) It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA. 
C) It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles. 
D) It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope. 
E) It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome.

Question 11

A semisynthetic antibiotic is a drug which is chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which antimicrobic does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) aminoglycosides 
B) tetracyclines 
C) erythromycin 
D) trimethroprim 
E) chloramphenicol 
A) aminoglycosides 
B) tetracyclines 
C) erythromycin 
D) trimethroprim 
E) chloramphenicol

Question 14

Which of the following antimicrobials is contraindicated for children due to permanent tooth discoloration?

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillin G 
B) Tetraclycline 
C) Gentamicin 
D) Vancomycin 
E) Erythromycin 
A) Penicillin G 
B) Tetraclycline 
C) Gentamicin 
D) Vancomycin 
E) Erythromycin

Question 15

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen
B.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If pathogen A is more resistant to...

Question 16

Antimicrobics that are macrolides

Accepted Answer

A) disrupt cell membrane function. 
B) include tetracyclines. 
C) include azithromycin, clarithromcyin, and erythromycin. 
D) are very narrow-spectrum drugs. 
E) are hepatotoxic. 
A) disrupt cell membrane function. 
B) include tetracyclines. 
C) include azithromycin, clarithromcyin, and erythromycin. 
D) are very narrow-spectrum drugs. 
E) are hepatotoxic.

Question 17

A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is

Accepted Answer

A) synercid. 
B) penicillinase. 
C) aztreonam. 
D) clavulanic acid. 
E) imipenem. 
A) synercid. 
B) penicillinase. 
C) aztreonam. 
D) clavulanic acid. 
E) imipenem.

Question 18

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as a result, they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as...

Question 19

Mebendazole, niclosamide, and ivermectin are drugs used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus 
A) bacterial 
B) fungal 
C) protozoan 
D) helminthic 
E) virus

Question 20

All of the following could be reasons why antimicrobic treatment fails except

Accepted Answer

A) the inability of the drug to diffuse into the infected body compartment. 
B) a mixed infection where some of the pathogens are drug resistant. 
C) not completing the full course of treatment. 
D) a disk diffusion test showing pathogen sensitivity to the antimicrobic. 
E) diminished gastrointestinal absorption due to an underlying condition or age. 
A) the inability of the drug to diffuse into the infected body compartment. 
B) a mixed infection where some of the pathogens are drug resistant. 
C) not completing the full course of treatment. 
D) a disk diffusion test showing pathogen sensitivity to the antimicrobic. 
E) diminished gastrointestinal absorption due to an underlying condition or age.

Exam 12: Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

A "shotgun" approach to antimicrobial therapy involves

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Which of the following will influence a physician's decision to prescribe an antimicrobial?

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

The most versatile and useful antifungal drug that is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections is

The drug used against intestinal anaerobic bacteria, that can also alter normal flora causing antibiotic-associated colitis is

Sulfonamides

Which of the following is not a mode of action of an anti-viral?

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobics in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen.What is this microbiologist setting up?

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for AZT?

A semisynthetic antibiotic is a drug which is chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources.

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Which antimicrobic does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Which of the following antimicrobials is contraindicated for children due to permanent tooth discoloration?

If pathogen A is more resistant to an erythromycin disc on a Kirby-Bauer plate compared to pathogen B, then pathogen A will have a _____ zone of inhibition compared to pathogen B.

Antimicrobics that are macrolides

A chemical that inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes is

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as a result, they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Mebendazole, niclosamide, and ivermectin are drugs used to treat _____ infections.

All of the following could be reasons why antimicrobic treatment fails except

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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