Question 1

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

Accepted Answer

A) initiation of the cascade. 
B) production of inflammatory cytokines. 
C) a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes. 
D) cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. 
E) C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane. 
A) initiation of the cascade. 
B) production of inflammatory cytokines. 
C) a ring-shaped protein digests holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes. 
D) cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. 
E) C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane. C

Question 2

The reticuloendothelial system

Accepted Answer

A) is a support network of connective tissue fibers. 
B) originates in the cellular basal lamina. 
C) provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. 
D) is heavily populated with macrophages. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is a support network of connective tissue fibers. 
B) originates in the cellular basal lamina. 
C) provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs. 
D) is heavily populated with macrophages. 
E) All of the choices are correct. E

Question 3

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into _____.

Accepted Answer

macrophages

Question 4

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____...

Question 5

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Juan has influenza and has aches, pains, and a fever.His mother, a physician, tells him to take an antipyretic.What is she telling him to take?

Accepted Answer

A) An antibiotic, like erythromycin 
B) An antiviral drug, like Tamiflu 
C) An antihistamine 
D) Acetaminophen, like Tylenol 
E) Herbal tea with honey 
A) An antibiotic, like erythromycin 
B) An antiviral drug, like Tamiflu 
C) An antihistamine 
D) Acetaminophen, like Tylenol 
E) Herbal tea with honey

Question 7

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme. 
B) lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. 
C) skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. 
D) stomach hydrochloric acid. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) lysozyme. 
B) lactic acid and electrolytes of sweat. 
C) skin's acidic pH and fatty acids. 
D) stomach hydrochloric acid. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils and macrophages. 
B) basophils and neutrophils. 
C) eosinophils and macrophages. 
D) macrophages and monocytes. 
E) natural killer cells. 
A) neutrophils and macrophages. 
B) basophils and neutrophils. 
C) eosinophils and macrophages. 
D) macrophages and monocytes. 
E) natural killer cells.

Question 9

Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Accepted Answer

A) Basophils 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Monocytes 
E) Lymphocytes 
A) Basophils 
B) Eosinophils 
C) Neutrophils 
D) Monocytes 
E) Lymphocytes

Question 10

Which is incorrect about complement?

Accepted Answer

A) Composed of at least 26 blood proteins 
B) Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen 
C) Act in a cascade reaction 
D) Involves a classical pathway 
E) Involves an alternate pathway 
A) Composed of at least 26 blood proteins 
B) Only appear in the blood during a response to a pathogen 
C) Act in a cascade reaction 
D) Involves a classical pathway 
E) Involves an alternate pathway

Question 11

Plasma

Accepted Answer

A) is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. 
B) is mostly water. 
C) contains albumin and globulins. 
D) contains fibrinogen. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended. 
B) is mostly water. 
C) contains albumin and globulins. 
D) contains fibrinogen. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor.This means

Accepted Answer

A) redness. 
B) pain. 
C) loss of function. 
D) warmth. 
E) swelling. 
A) redness. 
B) pain. 
C) loss of function. 
D) warmth. 
E) swelling.

Question 13

All of the following can be recognized by toll-like receptors, except

Accepted Answer

A) single-stranded viral RNA. 
B) flagellin. 
C) host cell membrane proteins. 
D) lipoteichoic acid. 
E) lipopolysaccharide. 
A) single-stranded viral RNA. 
B) flagellin. 
C) host cell membrane proteins. 
D) lipoteichoic acid. 
E) lipopolysaccharide.

Question 14

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A) Lymph nodes 
B) Thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) Tonsils 
A) Lymph nodes 
B) Thymus 
C) spleen 
D) GALT 
E) Tonsils

Question 15

Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

A) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
B) are derived from T-lymphocytes. 
C) function in blood clotting. 
D) produce and secrete antibodies. 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) function in cell-mediated immunity. 
B) are derived from T-lymphocytes. 
C) function in blood clotting. 
D) produce and secrete antibodies. 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Which is incorrect regarding fever?

Accepted Answer

A) It is present in all vertebrates. 
B) It increases the rate of antibody synthesis. 
C) It is a symptom of a few diseases. 
D) When rising, a person feels cold. 
E) It inhibits the multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms. 
A) It is present in all vertebrates. 
B) It increases the rate of antibody synthesis. 
C) It is a symptom of a few diseases. 
D) When rising, a person feels cold. 
E) It inhibits the multiplication of temperature-sensitive microorganisms.

Question 17

Joan's inflamed and painful joints are likely due to which of the following chemicals?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma interferon 
B) Interleukin 5 
C) Prostaglandins 
D) Histamine 
E) Platelet-activating factor 
A) Gamma interferon 
B) Interleukin 5 
C) Prostaglandins 
D) Histamine 
E) Platelet-activating factor

Question 18

Children with DiGeorge Syndrome are born without a thymus.Discuss, in detail, the repercussions to body defense mechanisms caused by this disease.

Accepted Answer

DiGeorge Syndrome is a genetic disorder

Question 19

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) respiratory tract. 
C) digestive tract. 
D) urinary tract. 
E) eyes. 
A) skin. 
B) respiratory tract. 
C) digestive tract. 
D) urinary tract. 
E) eyes.

Question 20

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) Inflammatory response 
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils 
C) Interferon 
D) T cell and B cell responses 
E) Anatomical barriers in the body 
A) Inflammatory response 
B) Phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils 
C) Interferon 
D) T cell and B cell responses 
E) Anatomical barriers in the body

Exam 14: An Introduction to Host Defenses and Innate Immunities

The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves

The reticuloendothelial system

When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues, they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into _____.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _____ because they have prominent cytoplasmic granules that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.

During phagocytosis, intracellular digestion begins as soon as the phagosome is formed.

Juan has influenza and has aches, pains, and a fever.His mother, a physician, tells him to take an antipyretic.What is she telling him to take?

Nonspecific chemical defenses include

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the

Which cell type is phagocytic and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages?

Which is incorrect about complement?

Plasma

Maria was scratched on her arm by her cat and the site is experiencing rubor.This means

All of the following can be recognized by toll-like receptors, except

Which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in maturation of T-lymphocytes?

Plasma cells

Which is incorrect regarding fever?

Joan's inflamed and painful joints are likely due to which of the following chemicals?

Children with DiGeorge Syndrome are born without a thymus.Discuss, in detail, the repercussions to body defense mechanisms caused by this disease.

This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal flora

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods of Studying Microorganisms

A Survey of Prokaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

An Introduction to Viruses

Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth

An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Engineering: a Revolution in Molecular Biology

Physical and Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

The Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Cocci of Medical Importance

The Gram-Positive Bacilli of Medical Importance

The Gram-Negative Bacilli of Medical Importance

Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

The Fungi of Medical Importance

The Parasites of Medical Importance

Introduction to Viruses That Infect Humans: the Dna Viruses

The Rna Viruses That Infect Humans

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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