Question 1

Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice.In this process:

Accepted Answer

A)  work is done by the ice-water mixture. 
B)  the temperature increases. 
C)  the internal energy increases. 
D)  all of the above are correct. 
A)  work is done by the ice-water mixture. 
B)  the temperature increases. 
C)  the internal energy increases. 
D)  all of the above are correct. C

Question 2

At the dice factory,sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps,what will be the most probable roll?

Accepted Answer

A)  7,this change in dots results in the same most probable value. 
B)  7.5 
C)  8 
D)  9 
A)  7,this change in dots results in the same most probable value. 
B)  7.5 
C)  8 
D)  9 D

Question 3

In the first law of thermodynamics,  
,W is positive when

Accepted Answer

A)  the work is being done on the environment by the system. 
B)  the work is being done on the system by the environment. 
C)  the work is being done on the environment by the system,and the temperature of the system goes up. 
D)  the work is being done on the system by the environment,and the temperature of the system goes up. 
A)  the work is being done on the environment by the system. 
B)  the work is being done on the system by the environment. 
C)  the work is being done on the environment by the system,and the temperature of the system goes up. 
D)  the work is being done on the system by the environment,and the temperature of the system goes up. B

Question 4

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 95°C and 0°C is most nearly:
​

Accepted Answer

A)  13%. 
B)  52%. 
C)  26%. 
D)  80%. 
E)  ​9%. 
A)  13%. 
B)  52%. 
C)  26%. 
D)  80%. 
E)  ​9%.

Question 5

If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings,we may assume,with regard to the gas:

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature increases. 
B)  volume increases. 
C)  pressure increases. 
D)  internal energy decreases. 
A)  temperature increases. 
B)  volume increases. 
C)  pressure increases. 
D)  internal energy decreases.

Question 6

System 1 is 3.6 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume as it undergoes a temperature increase.System 2 is 3.6 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at constant volume as it also undergoes a temperature increase.The thermal energy absorbed by System 1 is  
,and the thermal energy absorbed by System 2 is  
As both systems undergo a temperature increase of 74.6 K.What is the ratio  
?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 
B)  0.60 
C)  1.67 
D)  The volumes of the systems need to be known before the ratio can be found. 
E)  ​2.50 
A)  1.00 
B)  0.60 
C)  1.67 
D)  The volumes of the systems need to be known before the ratio can be found. 
E)  ​2.50

Question 7

According to the first law of thermodynamics,for any process that may occur within an isolated system,which of the following choices applies?

Accepted Answer

A)  entropy remains constant 
B)  entropy increases 
C)  entropy decreases 
D)  None of the above choices apply. 
A)  entropy remains constant 
B)  entropy increases 
C)  entropy decreases 
D)  None of the above choices apply.

Question 8

How much thermal energy must be added to 7.9 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to raise its temperature 22.4 K?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  735 J 
B)  2,206 J 
C)  5,147 J 
D)  3,676 J 
E)  ​3,964 J 
A)  735 J 
B)  2,206 J 
C)  5,147 J 
D)  3,676 J 
E)  ​3,964 J

Question 9

Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system?

Accepted Answer

A)  entropy decreases 
B)  entropy remains constant 
C)  entropy increases 
D)  entropy equals work done on the system 
A)  entropy decreases 
B)  entropy remains constant 
C)  entropy increases 
D)  entropy equals work done on the system

Question 10

On a PV diagram,2 curves are plotted,both starting at the same point and both ending at the same final increased volume.One curve is for an isothermal process;the other is for an adiabatic process.What does the area between these two curves represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Q absorbed by the isothermal process. 
B)  W done by the adiabatic process. 
C)  ΔU for the isothermal process. 
D)  Neither Q,W,nor ΔU for either of the processes is represented. 
A)  Q absorbed by the isothermal process. 
B)  W done by the adiabatic process. 
C)  ΔU for the isothermal process. 
D)  Neither Q,W,nor ΔU for either of the processes is represented.

Question 11

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P0​,what is the final pressure?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  2.79 P0 
B)  5.53 P0 
C)  5.58 P0 
D)  0.18 P0 
E)  ​0.36 P0 
A)  2.79 P0 
B)  5.53 P0 
C)  5.58 P0 
D)  0.18 P0 
E)  ​0.36 P0

Question 12

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases,are the heat absorbed,work done by the system,and the change in internal energy of the system positive,negative,or zero?

Accepted Answer

A)  Q is +,W is +,and ΔU is +. 
B)  Q is +,W is −,and ΔU is 0. 
C)  Q is +,W is 0,and ΔU is +. 
D)  Q is −,W is 0,and ΔU is −. 
A)  Q is +,W is +,and ΔU is +. 
B)  Q is +,W is −,and ΔU is 0. 
C)  Q is +,W is 0,and ΔU is +. 
D)  Q is −,W is 0,and ΔU is −.

Question 13

A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2 m3 and a pressure of 1.6 × 105 Pa at a temperature of 320 K.The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 840 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 840 K.The change in internal energy of the gas is 6.7 × 105 J.Find the change in entropy of the block associated with the heat transfer to the gas.
​

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  -798 J/K 
C)  2,094 J/K 
D)  -1,288 J/K 
E)  ​-1,923 J/K 
A)  0 
B)  -798 J/K 
C)  2,094 J/K 
D)  -1,288 J/K 
E)  ​-1,923 J/K

Question 14

When gasoline is burned,it gives off 47,000 J/g of heat energy.If an automobile uses 12.7 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 24%,what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W)
​

Accepted Answer

A)  53 hp 
B)  126 hp 
C)  42 hp 
D)  32 hp 
E)  ​63 hp 
A)  53 hp 
B)  126 hp 
C)  42 hp 
D)  32 hp 
E)  ​63 hp

Question 15

A person consumes 2,100 kcal/day while expending 3,400 kcal/day.In a month's time,about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound. )
​

Accepted Answer

A)  19 pound 
B)  29 pounds 
C)  10 pounds 
D)  5 pounds 
E)  38 pounds 
A)  19 pound 
B)  29 pounds 
C)  10 pounds 
D)  5 pounds 
E)  38 pounds

Question 16

If a heat engine has an efficiency of 20% and its power output is 660 W,what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  132 W 
B)  3,400 W 
C)  3,300 W 
D)  3,200 W 
E)  3,100 W 
A)  132 W 
B)  3,400 W 
C)  3,300 W 
D)  3,200 W 
E)  3,100 W

Question 17

On an average diet,the consumption of 11 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.1 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed. )
​

Accepted Answer

A)  41 kJ 
B)  189 kJ 
C)  46 kJ 
D)  4,600 kJ 
E)  377 kJ 
A)  41 kJ 
B)  189 kJ 
C)  46 kJ 
D)  4,600 kJ 
E)  377 kJ

Question 18

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  zero 
B)  5 J 
C)  −3.3 J 
D)  20 J 
E)  ​3.3 J 
A)  zero 
B)  5 J 
C)  −3.3 J 
D)  20 J 
E)  ​3.3 J

Question 19

Of the following heat engines,which has the highest efficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hero's engine 
B)  a Carnot engine 
C)  a car's gasoline engine 
D)  a truck's diesel engine 
A)  Hero's engine 
B)  a Carnot engine 
C)  a car's gasoline engine 
D)  a truck's diesel engine

Question 20

Suppose a power plant uses a Carnot engine to generate electricity,using the atmosphere at 300 K as the low-temperature reservoir.Suppose the power plant produces 1 × 106 J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 500 K during Day One and then produces 1 × 106 J of electricity with the hot reservoir at 600 K during Day Two.The thermal pollution was:

Accepted Answer

A)  greatest on Day One. 
B)  greatest on Day Two. 
C)  the same on both days. 
D)  zero on both days. 
A)  greatest on Day One. 
B)  greatest on Day Two. 
C)  the same on both days. 
D)  zero on both days.

Exam 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes

Heat is applied to an ice-water mixture to melt some of the ice.In this process:

At the dice factory,sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps,what will be the most probable roll?

In the first law of thermodynamics, ,W is positive when

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 95°C and 0°C is most nearly: ​

If an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings,we may assume,with regard to the gas:

According to the first law of thermodynamics,for any process that may occur within an isolated system,which of the following choices applies?

How much thermal energy must be added to 7.9 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to raise its temperature 22.4 K? ​

Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system?

On a PV diagram,2 curves are plotted,both starting at the same point and both ending at the same final increased volume.One curve is for an isothermal process;the other is for an adiabatic process.What does the area between these two curves represent?

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P0​,what is the final pressure? ​

In an isovolumetric process where the pressure increases,are the heat absorbed,work done by the system,and the change in internal energy of the system positive,negative,or zero?

When gasoline is burned,it gives off 47,000 J/g of heat energy.If an automobile uses 12.7 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 24%,what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W) ​

A person consumes 2,100 kcal/day while expending 3,400 kcal/day.In a month's time,about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound. ) ​

If a heat engine has an efficiency of 20% and its power output is 660 W,what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase? ​

On an average diet,the consumption of 11 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.1 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed. ) ​

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system? ​

Of the following heat engines,which has the highest efficiency?

Introduction

Introduction: Part A

Motion in One Dimension

Motion in One Dimension: Part A

Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion

Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion: Part A

The Laws of Motion

The Laws of Motion: Part A

Energy

Energy: Part A

Momentum and Collisions

Momentum and Collisions: Part A

Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity

Rotational Motion and the Law of Gravity: Part A

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics: Part A

Solids and Fluids

Solids and Fluids: Part A

Thermal Physics

Thermal Physics: Part A

Energy in Thermal Processes Heat and Internal Energy

Energy in Thermal Processes Heat and Internal Energy: Part A

The Laws of Thermodynamics Work in Thermodynamic Processes: Part A

Vibrations and Waves

Vibrations and Waves: Part A

Sound

Sound: Part A

Electric Forces and Electric Fields

Electric Forces and Electric Fields: Part A

Electrical Energy and Capacitance

Electrical Energy and Capacitance: Part A

Current and Resistance Electric Current

Current and Resistance Electric Current: Part A

Direct-Current Circuits Sources of EMF

Direct-Current Circuits Sources of EMF: Part A

Magnetism Magnets

Magnetism Magnets: Part A

Induced Voltages and Inductance

Induced Voltages and Inductance: Part A

Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves

Alternating-Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves: Part A

Reflection and Refraction of Light

Reflection and Refraction of Light: Part A

Mirrors and Lenses

Mirrors and Lenses: Part A

Wave Optics

Wave Optics: Part A

Optical Instruments

Optical Instruments: Part A

Relativity

Relativity: Part A

Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis

Quantum Physics Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis: Part A

Atomic Physics

Atomic Physics: Part A

Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Physics: Part A

Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles

Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles: Part A

Particle Collisions, Mediating Photons, and Quark Structures: Exploring the Fundamentals of Physics

Filters

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 95°C and 0°C is most nearly:

How much thermal energy must be added to 7.9 moles of a diatomic ideal gas to raise its temperature 22.4 K?

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.4 liters to 6.7 liters.If the initial pressure is P₀,what is the final pressure?

When gasoline is burned,it gives off 47,000 J/g of heat energy.If an automobile uses 12.7 kg of gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 24%,what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1 hp = 746 W)

A person consumes 2,100 kcal/day while expending 3,400 kcal/day.In a month's time,about how much weight would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4 100 kcal per pound. )

If a heat engine has an efficiency of 20% and its power output is 660 W,what is the rate of heat input from the combustion phase?

On an average diet,the consumption of 11 liters of oxygen releases how much energy? (4.1 kcal are released per liter of oxygen consumed. )

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?