Exam 2: Polar Covalent Bonds: Acids and Bases

Instructions: Refer to the following equation to answer the question(s)below. -Refer to instructions.The strongest Brønsted-Lowry acid in the equation is indicated by letter _____.

Instructions: Consider the species below to answer the following question. -Refer to instructions.Which of the following would be common to all?

Instructions: Indole is pleasant smelling in highly dilute solutions and has been used in perfumery.Use the structure of indole,below,to answer the following question(s). -Refer to instructions.Indole can function as a Lewis base in the presence of strong acid.Formulate a reaction,using a generic acid (HA),showing electron flow with arrows,that demonstrates this reactivity of indole.

Complete this acid-base reaction,and label the acid,base,conjugate base,and conjugate acid.

Which of the following molecules would exhibit the largest dipole moment?

Circle the Lewis bases in the group of compounds below.

Which is the strongest base (pK_a values given for conjugate acid)?

Among the following compounds which can function only as a Brønsted-Lowry base?

In aromatic nitration reactions,nitric acid (HNO₃)is used in conjunction with the stronger acid,sulfuric acid,H₂SO₄,to form an intermediate.Which of the following could be the formula for this intermediate?

What is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom indicated with the arrow in the following compound?

Of the bonds found in Which is the most polar?

Explain why phenol has a lower pK_a than ethanol.

Draw the conjugate base of each species.

The condensed structure for dimethyl ether looks symmetrical.However,dimethyl ether has a dipole moment.Draw a structure that explains this and indicate the expected direction of the molecular dipole moment.

Which of the following molecules has a dipole moment?

Instructions: Indole is pleasant smelling in highly dilute solutions and has been used in perfumery.Use the structure of indole,below,to answer the following question(s). -Refer to instructions.Indole can function as a Brønsted-Lowry acid in the presence of strong bases.Formulate a reaction,using a generic base (:B^-),showing electron flow with arrows,that demonstrates this reactivity of indole.

Which of the following exhibits only dispersion forces?

The visual pigment in animal cells consists of an isomer of retinal linked to the protein opsin,as shown below.Write an alternative resonance form for this species that shows the positive charge situated on the starred carbon instead of the nitrogen atom and include the curved arrows to show the electron flow.

Draw two resonance forms for the cyclopentadienyl radical.

Draw two resonance structures for the species below.