Exam 3: The Cellular Level of Organization

What transport process uses the energy stored in a Na⁺ or H⁺ concentration gradient to drive other substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients?

Describe the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol.

During this phase of cell division,the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells.The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase.

Microfilaments,intermediate filaments and microtubules are all components of a cell's

Which of the following is the transport process by which gases,like O₂ and CO₂,move through a membrane?

Briefly explain the difference between transcription and translation.

Most intravenous solutions are _____ with respect to blood cells?

Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles modifies,sorts,and packages proteins destined for other regions of the cell?

In this transport process,the energy from hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive substances across the membrane against their own concentration gradients.

In the sodium glucose symporter,sodium moves [dropdown 1] its concentration gradient.Moving glucose [dropdown 2] its concentration gradient is a form of active transport. Dropdown Choices: against with

Glycolysation is the linking of carbohydrates to polypeptides or lipids.Congential disorders of glycolysation affect the [dropdown 1].Lack of enzymes to break down material causes an accumulation of undigested molecules in the cell.These disorders are caused by a defect within the [dropdown 2].A specific gene that makes a protein lamin can alter regulation of DNA replication and transcription.This disorder affects the [dropdown 3]. Dropdown Choices: golgi complex lysosomes mitochondria nucleus

Compare mitosis to meiosis.

What structural component of the membrane is labeled (E)in the diagram?

Which of the following transport processes moves substances through cells using endocytosis on one side of a cell and exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell?

The difference in concentration of a specific chemical,like Na+,on the inside and outside of a plasma membrane is referred as a(n)

Place the events of the sodium potassium pump in order. 1)Carrier proteins bind to sodium 2)Potassium binds to the carrier which causes protein to lose the phosphate (dephosphorylation) 3)Loss of phosphate causes potassium to be moved into the cell. 4)ATP adds a phosphate (phosphorylates)to the protein. 5)Addition of the phosphate causes the protein to move sodium out of the cell. 6)Potassium can bind to the protein.

Red blood cells are in osmotic equilibrium when they are in a 0.9% NaCl solution.Rapid osmotic efflux of water will occur if a cell is placed in a [dropdown 1] NaCl solution.Rapid osmotic influx of water will occur if a cell is placed in a [dropdown 2] NaCl solution. Dropdown Choices: 0.9% 0.5% 1.5%

In the diagram,this structure directs cellular activities and controls cellular structure.

Describe briefly what is occurring at each step in the figure.

In this type of transport process,a solute (e.g.glucose)binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane.This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side of the membrane.