Question 1

Describe the fluid and electrolyte disorders to which the elderly are particularly susceptible.

Accepted Answer

1)Dehydration and hypernatremia due to i

Question 2

In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3- 
A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3-

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains pH of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A) Buffer systems 
B) Proteins 
C) Phosphates 
D) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate 
E) All of these correct 
A) Buffer systems 
B) Proteins 
C) Phosphates 
D) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate 
E) All of these correct

Question 4

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Dehydration 
B) Formation of angiotensin II 
C) Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin 
D) Formation of ADH 
E) Increased vasoconstriction 
A) Dehydration 
B) Formation of angiotensin II 
C) Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin 
D) Formation of ADH 
E) Increased vasoconstriction

Question 5

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Calcium 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphate 
E) Iron 
A) Na+ 
B) Calcium 
C) Magnesium 
D) Phosphate 
E) Iron

Question 6

A patient's blood pH is 7.48;partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 32 mm Hg and levels of bicarbonate in the blood are 20 mEq/liter.What can you tell about this patient's condition? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The patient is in respiratory

Question 7

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
E) None of these choices 
A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
E) None of these choices

Question 8

Explain how it is possible for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to have a normal extracellular pH while having an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

Elevated partial pressure of carbon diox

Question 9

In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

Accepted Answer

A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3- 
A) Na+ 
B) Cl- 
C) K+ 
D) HPO42- 
E) HCO3-

Question 10

A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in

Accepted Answer

A) Increased GFR 
B) Reduced Na+ and Cl- reabsorption by the kidneys 
C) Reduced water reabsorption by the kidneys 
D) Increased Calcium reabsorption 
E) Increased urine output 
A) Increased GFR 
B) Reduced Na+ and Cl- reabsorption by the kidneys 
C) Reduced water reabsorption by the kidneys 
D) Increased Calcium reabsorption 
E) Increased urine output

Question 11

The Na+ level in blood is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A) Aldosterone 
B) Insulin 
C) ATP production 
D) Krebs cycle 
E) Glucagon 
A) Aldosterone 
B) Insulin 
C) ATP production 
D) Krebs cycle 
E) Glucagon

Question 12

Natriuresis

Accepted Answer

A) Is decreased Na+ levels in urine 
B) Is decreased Cl- levels in urine 
C) Is increased K+ levels in urine 
D) Is increased PO- levels in urine 
E) None of these choices 
A) Is decreased Na+ levels in urine 
B) Is decreased Cl- levels in urine 
C) Is increased K+ levels in urine 
D) Is increased PO- levels in urine 
E) None of these choices

Question 13

Which of the following is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) Anions 
B) Cations 
C) Metabolic water 
D) Lipids 
E) Carbohydrates 
A) Anions 
B) Cations 
C) Metabolic water 
D) Lipids 
E) Carbohydrates

Question 14

Why is a small amount of table salt included in intravenous or oral rehydration therapy?

Accepted Answer

Water entering the cells causes them to

Question 15

Most of the phosphate in a body is present as

Accepted Answer

A) Lipids 
B) Plasma membranes 
C) DNA 
D) Calcium phosphate salt 
E) Carbohydrates 
A) Lipids 
B) Plasma membranes 
C) DNA 
D) Calcium phosphate salt 
E) Carbohydrates

Question 16

Which of the following chemicals is considered to be a volatile acid?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon dioxide 
B) Oxygen 
C) Carbonic acid 
D) Hemoglobin 
E) Calmodulin 
A) Carbon dioxide 
B) Oxygen 
C) Carbonic acid 
D) Hemoglobin 
E) Calmodulin

Question 17

The major hormone that regulates water loss is

Accepted Answer

A) ANP 
B) Angiotensin II 
C) Renin 
D) ADH 
E) Angiotensin 
A) ANP 
B) Angiotensin II 
C) Renin 
D) ADH 
E) Angiotensin

Question 18

Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) ANP 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
E) All of these choices 
A) Antidiuretic hormone 
B) ANP 
C) Aldosterone 
D) Parathyroid hormone 
E) All of these choices

Question 19

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO3- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)?

Accepted Answer

A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
E) None of these choices 
A) Metabolic alkalosis 
B) Metabolic acidosis 
C) Respiratory acidosis 
D) Respiratory alkalosis 
E) None of these choices

Question 20

Water intoxication results from

Accepted Answer

A) Dilute body fluids 
B) Decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids 
C) Osmosis of water from ICF to ECF 
D) Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids 
E) Decrease in water intake 
A) Dilute body fluids 
B) Decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids 
C) Osmosis of water from ICF to ECF 
D) Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids 
E) Decrease in water intake

Exam 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis Unit V: Continuity

Describe the fluid and electrolyte disorders to which the elderly are particularly susceptible.

In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that maintains pH of body fluids?

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT cause which of the following?

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

A patient's blood pH is 7.48;partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 32 mm Hg and levels of bicarbonate in the blood are 20 mEq/liter.What can you tell about this patient's condition? Explain your answer.

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values?

Explain how it is possible for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to have a normal extracellular pH while having an elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide.

In intracellular fluid the most abundant anion is

A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in

The Na+ level in blood is controlled by

Natriuresis

Which of the following is produced when electrons are accepted by oxygen during cellular respiration?

Why is a small amount of table salt included in intravenous or oral rehydration therapy?

Most of the phosphate in a body is present as

Which of the following chemicals is considered to be a volatile acid?

The major hormone that regulates water loss is

Which of the following is used to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys?

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO3- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)?

Water intoxication results from

An Introduction to the Human Body

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System Unit Ii: Principles of Support and Movement

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System Unit Iii: Control Systems of the Human Body

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory, Motor and Integrative Systems

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System Unit Iv: Maintenance of the Human Body

The Cardiovascular System: the Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics

The Lymphatic System, Nonspecific Resistance to Disease, and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO₂ levels raise to abnormal values?

The Na⁺ level in blood is controlled by

Which imbalance results when systemic arterial blood HCO₃^- levels drop significantly (below 22 mEq/liter)?