Question 1

Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) equifinality 
B) hierarchical integration 
C) dysfunctionality 
D) multifinality 
A) equifinality 
B) hierarchical integration 
C) dysfunctionality 
D) multifinality D

Question 2

Seven-month-old Juan and his mother live in a small rented apartment in a large city.Affordable,high quality child care centers are very hard to find in her neighborhood.Which level of the environment,according to Bronfenbrenner's model,is limiting her access to high quality day care in her community?

Accepted Answer

A) Macrosystem 
B) Exosystem 
C) Microsystem 
D) Mesosystem 
A) Macrosystem 
B) Exosystem 
C) Microsystem 
D) Mesosystem B

Question 3

Juan,a 7-month-old infant,lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care is very limited.His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment.Which of the following influences represents an example of a distal process?

Accepted Answer

A) The sensitivity of Juan's caregiver. 
B) Governmental policies and subsidies for child care that apply in the city. 
C) The quality of care-giving provided by Juan's mother. 
D) The quality and characteristics of the apartment complex in which Juan and his mother reside. 
A) The sensitivity of Juan's caregiver. 
B) Governmental policies and subsidies for child care that apply in the city. 
C) The quality of care-giving provided by Juan's mother. 
D) The quality and characteristics of the apartment complex in which Juan and his mother reside. B

Question 4

Keisha is a 35-year-old African-American woman who is depressed.Her presenting concerns include marital distress,the imminent possibility of losing her job,overeating,and chain-smoking.As you listen to her story,you begin to construct a picture of her developmental history.Which of these explanations would someone using a multidimensional perspective be most likely to offer for Keisha's problems difficulties?

Accepted Answer

A) Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism. 
B) Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount. 
C) Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication. 
D) Keisha's has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations. 
A) Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism. 
B) Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount. 
C) Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication. 
D) Keisha's has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations.

Question 5

Dr.Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy.Using the model of reflective practice described in Chapter 1,what is the sequence of steps he should use in order to work with this client effectively?

Accepted Answer

A) Reflect on what has worked best in his own personal experience and apply that knowledge to the client's problem. 
B) Reflect on well-established theories; apply the theoretical knowledge to the individual's case; and then test out new ways of thinking about the problem if prior theory does not suffice. 
C) Apply experience-based knowledge first,and then use theory-based knowledge. 
D) First test out any method by subjecting it to rigorous scientific experimentation and then apply it for use with the client. 
A) Reflect on what has worked best in his own personal experience and apply that knowledge to the client's problem. 
B) Reflect on well-established theories; apply the theoretical knowledge to the individual's case; and then test out new ways of thinking about the problem if prior theory does not suffice. 
C) Apply experience-based knowledge first,and then use theory-based knowledge. 
D) First test out any method by subjecting it to rigorous scientific experimentation and then apply it for use with the client.

Question 6

Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief about intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) A counselor who recommends a strategy of academic skill building for a client who is experiencing academic problems. 
B) A therapist who helps the client adjust to the limitations of his academic ability. 
C) A school counselor who bases the decision about which career information to provide on the client's intelligence test results. 
D) A counselor who develops a program to track elementary school-aged children in classes that reflect their academic achievement. 
A) A counselor who recommends a strategy of academic skill building for a client who is experiencing academic problems. 
B) A therapist who helps the client adjust to the limitations of his academic ability. 
C) A school counselor who bases the decision about which career information to provide on the client's intelligence test results. 
D) A counselor who develops a program to track elementary school-aged children in classes that reflect their academic achievement.

Question 7

The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experience in the light of past experience is a fundamental proposition of

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorism. 
B) rationalism. 
C) transactionalism. 
D) constructivism. 
A) behaviorism. 
B) rationalism. 
C) transactionalism. 
D) constructivism.

Question 8

Mrs.Dubois knows that her son,Andre,is very advanced in understanding math compared to his first grade peers.However,he is rather immature in his social relationships and doesn't share or interact well with classmates.His social skills are not what his mother would expect,given his advanced cognitive development in math.Piaget's term for this variation in skills is

Accepted Answer

A) hierarchical organization. 
B) decalage. 
C) preoperational intelligence. 
D) accommodation. 
A) hierarchical organization. 
B) decalage. 
C) preoperational intelligence. 
D) accommodation.

Question 9

In the applications section of Chapter 1,several rules of thumb are provided to guide helping professionals incorporate developmental knowledge into their work.Choose three of the guidelines and,for each of these,provide either a)a detailed and specific example of how helping professionals incorporate the guideline in a practice setting,or b)a specific and detailed example of how you will incorporate this guideline into your practice.,

Accepted Answer

One of the guidelines suggested in the t

Question 10

A group of people characterized by shared traditions,attitudes,values,and beliefs handed down from one generation to another constitute ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) a socioeconomic group. 
B) a racial group. 
C) an ethnic group. 
D) a cohort. 
A) a socioeconomic group. 
B) a racial group. 
C) an ethnic group. 
D) a cohort.

Question 11

Human development involves changes in size,efficiency,and capacity that can be described as ____________change,and shifts in forms of thought and behavior that can be described as ______________ changes.

Accepted Answer

A) quantitative / qualitative 
B) qualitative / bidirectional 
C) growth / incremental 
D) qualitative / quantitative 
A) quantitative / qualitative 
B) qualitative / bidirectional 
C) growth / incremental 
D) qualitative / quantitative

Question 12

The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,income,and occupation is called

Accepted Answer

A) socioeconomic status. 
B) social standing. 
C) social class. 
D) economic class. 
A) socioeconomic status. 
B) social standing. 
C) social class. 
D) economic class.

Question 13

In lifespan developmental theories,significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by

Accepted Answer

A) the age of 18. 
B) the age of 30. 
C) the age of 50. 
D) death. 
A) the age of 18. 
B) the age of 30. 
C) the age of 50. 
D) death.

Question 14

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,and multidimensional models of development.What specific contributions does each perspective make to our knowledge of development? ,

Accepted Answer

Stage,incremental,and multidimensional m

Question 15

Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include

Accepted Answer

A) keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view of the influences on an individual. 
B) always assessing the developmental stage of each client. 
C) giving developmental theories an equal weight with your personal opinions. 
D) recognizing that developmental stage limits therapeutic progress.
Chapter 1 Essay Questions
See answer key for potential essay answers) 
A) keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view of the influences on an individual. 
B) always assessing the developmental stage of each client. 
C) giving developmental theories an equal weight with your personal opinions. 
D) recognizing that developmental stage limits therapeutic progress.
Chapter 1 Essay Questions
See answer key for potential essay answers)

Question 16

Juan,a 7-month-old infant,lives in a city where the availability of high quality child care is very limited.His mother is forced to leave Juan in the care of a young woman who also cares for five other infants and toddlers in her small apartment.According to Bronfenbrenner's theory,which of the following influences on Juan's development represents an example of a proximal process?

Accepted Answer

A) The quality of care-giving Juan receives in day care. 
B) Juan's genetic inheritance. 
C) State legislation regarding licensing of day care providers. 
D) Juan's cultural and economic background. 
A) The quality of care-giving Juan receives in day care. 
B) Juan's genetic inheritance. 
C) State legislation regarding licensing of day care providers. 
D) Juan's cultural and economic background.

Question 17

Create a case scenario using an example of a helping professional that describes the process of reflective practice.,

Accepted Answer

An experience counselor is working with

Question 18

Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because

Accepted Answer

A) they provide a complete picture of development. 
B) they have been proven to be true. 
C) they are based on scientific research. 
D) they are more abstract than opinions. 
A) they provide a complete picture of development. 
B) they have been proven to be true. 
C) they are based on scientific research. 
D) they are more abstract than opinions.

Question 19

Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework,which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual cannot progress to a later stage unless the earlier stage has been resolved successfully and completely. 
B) Successful progression through the stages of development depends upon effective resolution of the Oedipal crisis. 
C) Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major concern. 
D) Highly intelligent individuals can skip specific stages and make progress at a faster rate than other people. 
A) An individual cannot progress to a later stage unless the earlier stage has been resolved successfully and completely. 
B) Successful progression through the stages of development depends upon effective resolution of the Oedipal crisis. 
C) Successful resolution of a psychosocial crisis at each stage depends upon having more positive than negative experiences in the area of major concern. 
D) Highly intelligent individuals can skip specific stages and make progress at a faster rate than other people.

Question 20

An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called

Accepted Answer

A) tertiary prevention. 
B) secondary prevention. 
C) primary prevention. 
D) mediation. 
A) tertiary prevention. 
B) secondary prevention. 
C) primary prevention. 
D) mediation.

Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.

Dr.Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy.Using the model of reflective practice described in Chapter 1,what is the sequence of steps he should use in order to work with this client effectively?

Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief about intelligence?

The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experience in the light of past experience is a fundamental proposition of

A group of people characterized by shared traditions,attitudes,values,and beliefs handed down from one generation to another constitute ______________.

Human development involves changes in size,efficiency,and capacity that can be described as change,and shifts in forms of thought and behavior that can be described as __ changes.

The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,income,and occupation is called

In lifespan developmental theories,significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,and multidimensional models of development.What specific contributions does each perspective make to our knowledge of development? ,

Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include

Create a case scenario using an example of a helping professional that describes the process of reflective practice.,

Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because

Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework,which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?

An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called

Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development

Cognitive Development in the Early

Emotional Development in the Early Years

The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood

Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence

The Social World of Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young Adults

Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development

Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood

Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood

Filters

Exam 1: Organizing Themes in Developme

Counselors must recognize the principle of ___________: Individual pathways of development may result in a wide range of possible outcomes.

Dr.Jones encountered a problem with a new client in therapy.Using the model of reflective practice described in Chapter 1,what is the sequence of steps he should use in order to work with this client effectively?

Which of the following helpers is most likely to have an implicit "incrementalist" belief about intelligence?

The belief that individuals create their own knowledge by interpreting new experience in the light of past experience is a fundamental proposition of

A group of people characterized by shared traditions,attitudes,values,and beliefs handed down from one generation to another constitute ______________.

Human development involves changes in size,efficiency,and capacity that can be described as ____________change,and shifts in forms of thought and behavior that can be described as ______________ changes.

The measure of social status that combines aspects of education background,income,and occupation is called

In lifespan developmental theories,significant developmental changes are thought to be largely complete by

Compare and contrast stage,incremental,and multidimensional models of development.What specific contributions does each perspective make to our knowledge of development? ,

Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include

Create a case scenario using an example of a helping professional that describes the process of reflective practice.,

Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because

Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework,which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas?

An attempt to forestall the development of problems by promoting health and wellness in the general population is called

Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development

Cognitive Development in the Early

Emotional Development in the Early Years

The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood

Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence

The Social World of Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young Adults

Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development

Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood

Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood

Filters

Human development involves changes in size,efficiency,and capacity that can be described as change,and shifts in forms of thought and behavior that can be described as __ changes.