Question 1

Research participants do not need to be told if deception is part of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Travis insists that people are the masters of their own destinies.Travis believes in

Accepted Answer

A) the active child. 
B) the passive child. 
C) continuity. 
D) discontinuity. 
A) the active child. 
B) the passive child. 
C) continuity. 
D) discontinuity.

Question 3

Viewing infants as tabula rasas suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) infants will develop naturally unless the environment interferes. 
B) experience will mold infants into unique individuals. 
C) nature is more important than nurture. 
D) infants are born with a sense of morality. 
A) infants will develop naturally unless the environment interferes. 
B) experience will mold infants into unique individuals. 
C) nature is more important than nurture. 
D) infants are born with a sense of morality.

Question 4

Heather believes her 12-month-old daughter will develop optimally if Heather gives her freedom to grow naturally and does not try to shape her development.Heather's beliefs about child rearing are most similar to those of

Accepted Answer

A) Sigmund Freud. 
B) Erik Erikson. 
C) John Locke. 
D) Jean Jacques Rousseau. 
A) Sigmund Freud. 
B) Erik Erikson. 
C) John Locke. 
D) Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Question 5

In Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Accepted Answer

A) outcomes of earlier stages influence how well children deal with the challenges of later stages. 
B) each stage is self-contained and has no influence on other stages. 
C) physical aspects of development are more important than social aspects of development. 
D) the same challenges are faced over and over again in each stage. 
A) outcomes of earlier stages influence how well children deal with the challenges of later stages. 
B) each stage is self-contained and has no influence on other stages. 
C) physical aspects of development are more important than social aspects of development. 
D) the same challenges are faced over and over again in each stage.

Question 6

Mary chose to assess the quality of infants' relationships with their caregivers by observing infants in a laboratory situation wherein the infants experienced a series of separations from and reunions with their caregivers.What kind of measure did Mary use?

Accepted Answer

A) self-report 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) structured observation 
D) questionnaire 
A) self-report 
B) naturalistic observation 
C) structured observation 
D) questionnaire

Question 7

Abe is investigating moral reasoning by asking children what they would do in different situations,such as if one of their friends would shoplift when they were together.He is concerned that children may be giving him the answers they think he wants to hear,rather than their genuine feelings about what they would really do.Abe is worried about

Accepted Answer

A) cohort effects. 
B) representative sampling. 
C) response bias. 
D) confidentiality. 
A) cohort effects. 
B) representative sampling. 
C) response bias. 
D) confidentiality.

Question 8

Describe longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs.What are strengths and weaknesses of each design?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 9

Detailed,systematic observations of individual children are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) blank slates. 
B) baby biographies. 
C) mental tests. 
D) critical periods. 
A) blank slates. 
B) baby biographies. 
C) mental tests. 
D) critical periods.

Question 10

Your sister Kumi is having problems with her 2-year-old daughter.Your niece,Kayla,has been throwing tantrums to get her own way.As you watch Kumi and Kayla interact,you see that Kumi will say "no" to Kayla,Kayla will scream and cry,and then Kumi will give in to her.What can you tell Kumi about the principles of operant conditioning that might help her deal with the situation?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will be similar to the fol

Question 11

Professor Jameson is interested in studying the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on early infant development.Professor Jameson's study would best be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) correlational study. 
B) laboratory experiment. 
C) field experiment. 
D) quasi-experiment. 
A) correlational study. 
B) laboratory experiment. 
C) field experiment. 
D) quasi-experiment.

Question 12

Do you believe that the potential benefits to research justify the use of deception by the researcher? Support your answer.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 13

A correlation coefficient of -.85 indicates that there is no relationship between two variables (e.g. ,children's aggressive behavior and watching violent TV shows are not related).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

If parents believe that children are tabula rasas at birth,they are likely to

Accepted Answer

A) leave their children alone so their virtuous natures can unfold. 
B) be very permissive with their children. 
C) assume that nothing they do will have any influence on their children's development. 
D) plan their children's experiences from the moment of their birth. 
A) leave their children alone so their virtuous natures can unfold. 
B) be very permissive with their children. 
C) assume that nothing they do will have any influence on their children's development. 
D) plan their children's experiences from the moment of their birth.

Question 15

________ is a tool that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies to estimate relations between variables.

Accepted Answer

A) Quasi-experimental design 
B) Microgenetic design 
C) Naturalistic observation 
D) Meta-analysis 
A) Quasi-experimental design 
B) Microgenetic design 
C) Naturalistic observation 
D) Meta-analysis

Question 16

In a correlational study

Accepted Answer

A) factors are manipulated to determine whether they are related. 
B) it is possible to determine whether there is a causal relationship between two variables. 
C) it is possible to determine whether two variables are related,but not whether there is a causal relationship between the variables. 
D) there is an independent variable and a dependent variable. 
A) factors are manipulated to determine whether they are related. 
B) it is possible to determine whether there is a causal relationship between two variables. 
C) it is possible to determine whether two variables are related,but not whether there is a causal relationship between the variables. 
D) there is an independent variable and a dependent variable.

Question 17

According to Vygotsky,a child's development must be considered against the backdrop of his or her culture's beliefs,customs,and skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Six-year-old Sarah had been watching her older brother and sister in swim meets for several years.Sarah believed she was a good swimmer,too,and eagerly entered her first swim meet shortly after she turned 6.Bandura would say that __________ played a role in Sarah's desire to imitate her siblings.

Accepted Answer

A) genetic factors 
B) self-efficacy 
C) punishment 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) genetic factors 
B) self-efficacy 
C) punishment 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 19

According to Bandura,self-efficacy beliefs help determine when children will imitate others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Describe the correlational and experimental research designs.Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each design.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Research participants do not need to be told if deception is part of an experiment.

Travis insists that people are the masters of their own destinies.Travis believes in

Viewing infants as tabula rasas suggests that

Heather believes her 12-month-old daughter will develop optimally if Heather gives her freedom to grow naturally and does not try to shape her development.Heather's beliefs about child rearing are most similar to those of

In Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Mary chose to assess the quality of infants' relationships with their caregivers by observing infants in a laboratory situation wherein the infants experienced a series of separations from and reunions with their caregivers.What kind of measure did Mary use?

Describe longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs.What are strengths and weaknesses of each design?

Detailed,systematic observations of individual children are referred to as

Professor Jameson is interested in studying the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on early infant development.Professor Jameson's study would best be described as a(n)

Do you believe that the potential benefits to research justify the use of deception by the researcher? Support your answer.

A correlation coefficient of -.85 indicates that there is no relationship between two variables (e.g. ,children's aggressive behavior and watching violent TV shows are not related).

If parents believe that children are tabula rasas at birth,they are likely to

________ is a tool that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies to estimate relations between variables.

In a correlational study

According to Vygotsky,a child's development must be considered against the backdrop of his or her culture's beliefs,customs,and skills.

Six-year-old Sarah had been watching her older brother and sister in swim meets for several years.Sarah believed she was a good swimmer,too,and eagerly entered her first swim meet shortly after she turned 6.Bandura would say that __________ played a role in Sarah's desire to imitate her siblings.

According to Bandura,self-efficacy beliefs help determine when children will imitate others.

Describe the correlational and experimental research designs.Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each design.

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters

Exam 1: The Science of Child Development

Research participants do not need to be told if deception is part of an experiment.

Travis insists that people are the masters of their own destinies.Travis believes in

Viewing infants as tabula rasas suggests that

Heather believes her 12-month-old daughter will develop optimally if Heather gives her freedom to grow naturally and does not try to shape her development.Heather's beliefs about child rearing are most similar to those of

In Erikson's psychosocial theory,

Mary chose to assess the quality of infants' relationships with their caregivers by observing infants in a laboratory situation wherein the infants experienced a series of separations from and reunions with their caregivers.What kind of measure did Mary use?

Describe longitudinal and cross-sectional research designs.What are strengths and weaknesses of each design?

Detailed,systematic observations of individual children are referred to as

Professor Jameson is interested in studying the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on early infant development.Professor Jameson's study would best be described as a(n)

Do you believe that the potential benefits to research justify the use of deception by the researcher? Support your answer.

A correlation coefficient of -.85 indicates that there is no relationship between two variables (e.g. ,children's aggressive behavior and watching violent TV shows are not related).

If parents believe that children are tabula rasas at birth,they are likely to

________ is a tool that allows researchers to synthesize the results of many studies to estimate relations between variables.

In a correlational study

According to Vygotsky,a child's development must be considered against the backdrop of his or her culture's beliefs,customs,and skills.

Six-year-old Sarah had been watching her older brother and sister in swim meets for several years.Sarah believed she was a good swimmer,too,and eagerly entered her first swim meet shortly after she turned 6.Bandura would say that __________ played a role in Sarah's desire to imitate her siblings.

According to Bandura,self-efficacy beliefs help determine when children will imitate others.

Describe the correlational and experimental research designs.Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each design.

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters