Question 1

One difference between Skinner's operant conditioning and Bandura's social cognitive theory is that

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura believes children play an active role in their own development,while Skinner sees them as being passively shaped by the environment. 
B) Skinner views reinforcement and punishment as being important while Bandura does not. 
C) Skinner believes that self-efficacy influences behavior while Bandura does not. 
D) Bandura emphasizes rewards and punishment while Skinner does not. 
A) Bandura believes children play an active role in their own development,while Skinner sees them as being passively shaped by the environment. 
B) Skinner views reinforcement and punishment as being important while Bandura does not. 
C) Skinner believes that self-efficacy influences behavior while Bandura does not. 
D) Bandura emphasizes rewards and punishment while Skinner does not.

Question 2

Which shows the correct sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) preoperational,concrete operational,formal operational,and sensorimotor 
B) sensorimotor,concrete operational,preoperational,and formal operational 
C) sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational,and formal operational 
D) concrete operational,formal operational,sensorimotor,and preoperational 
A) preoperational,concrete operational,formal operational,and sensorimotor 
B) sensorimotor,concrete operational,preoperational,and formal operational 
C) sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational,and formal operational 
D) concrete operational,formal operational,sensorimotor,and preoperational

Question 3

__________ measures ask children questions about the topic of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) Naturalistic observation 
B) Structured observation 
C) Sampling behavior with tasks 
D) Self-report 
A) Naturalistic observation 
B) Structured observation 
C) Sampling behavior with tasks 
D) Self-report

Question 4

__________________ based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and was interested in age-trends in children's beliefs and feelings.

Accepted Answer

A) John Locke 
B) Jean Jacques Rousseau 
C) G.Stanley Hall 
D) Alfred Binet 
A) John Locke 
B) Jean Jacques Rousseau 
C) G.Stanley Hall 
D) Alfred Binet

Question 5

A researcher wants to examine the changes in the stability of friendship between first and third grade.Should the researcher use a cross-sectional or a longitudinal design? Explain your choice.Give the advantages and disadvantages of each design.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will be similar to the fol

Question 6

Piaget viewed development as an apprenticeship in which children develop when they work with skilled adults,including teachers and parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to __________ children develop when they work with skilled adults,including parents and teachers.

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget 
B) Skinner 
C) Freud 
D) Vygotsky 
A) Piaget 
B) Skinner 
C) Freud 
D) Vygotsky

Question 8

Psychosocial theory is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) Arnold Gesell. 
B) Sigmund Freud. 
C) Erik Erikson. 
D) Albert Bandura. 
A) Arnold Gesell. 
B) Sigmund Freud. 
C) Erik Erikson. 
D) Albert Bandura.

Question 9

Frank was watching a Saturday morning cartoon in which the main character kicked someone and took away a toy.Frank then walked across the room and kicked his brother Joe and took away Joe's toy just as the cartoon character had done on the TV show.According to social cognitive theory,Frank has just demonstrated

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning or imitation. 
B) punishment for aggressive behavior. 
C) reinforcement for sharing toys. 
D) imprinting. 
A) observational learning or imitation. 
B) punishment for aggressive behavior. 
C) reinforcement for sharing toys. 
D) imprinting.

Question 10

The variable in an experiment that is observed to see if it changes when another variable is manipulated is called the

Accepted Answer

A) correlation coefficient. 
B) independent variable. 
C) cohort. 
D) dependent variable. 
A) correlation coefficient. 
B) independent variable. 
C) cohort. 
D) dependent variable.

Question 11

Dr.Land conducted a study in a preschool to test his hypothesis that the amount of unstructured time (free play)in a day affects the amount of unruliness that children display.Teachers systematically varied the amount of free play each day for a month,and Dr.Land's research assistants recorded the amount of unruliness children displayed each day.This study would best be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) correlational study. 
B) laboratory experiment. 
C) field experiment. 
D) quasi-experiment. 
A) correlational study. 
B) laboratory experiment. 
C) field experiment. 
D) quasi-experiment.

Question 12

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

Accepted Answer

A) Researchers do not need to explain the use of deception in their studies. 
B) Children's data should be linked with their names so that they can be identified easily. 
C) Researchers should minimize the potential for harm or stress to their participants. 
D) Researchers do not need to describe the research to participants before they decide to participate. 
A) Researchers do not need to explain the use of deception in their studies. 
B) Children's data should be linked with their names so that they can be identified easily. 
C) Researchers should minimize the potential for harm or stress to their participants. 
D) Researchers do not need to describe the research to participants before they decide to participate.

Question 13

Abstract thinking characterizes thought during Piaget's stage of formal operational thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

___________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within the body.

Accepted Answer

A) Psychodynamic 
B) Ecological 
C) Maturational 
D) Cognitive developmental 
A) Psychodynamic 
B) Ecological 
C) Maturational 
D) Cognitive developmental

Question 15

Imagine the following correlation: The more overweight the child,the slower his or her running speed.Given only this information,which of the following could be true?

Accepted Answer

A) Being overweight causes children to run slower. 
B) Children who are slow runners are at a higher risk of being overweight. 
C) Having respiratory problems (such as asthma)as a child can cause children to run slower and to become overweight. 
D) Both A and B are possible. 
E) All of the above could explain the correlation - the researcher would need to do more to find out if any are actually true. 
A) Being overweight causes children to run slower. 
B) Children who are slow runners are at a higher risk of being overweight. 
C) Having respiratory problems (such as asthma)as a child can cause children to run slower and to become overweight. 
D) Both A and B are possible. 
E) All of the above could explain the correlation - the researcher would need to do more to find out if any are actually true.

Question 16

Irina wants to study infant language development.She decides to watch 10 babies once a month from birth to 2 years of age and write down the sounds they make and the words they use.Irina
Is using

Accepted Answer

A) self-report. 
B) systematic observation. 
C) sampling behavior with tasks. 
D) interviews. 
A) self-report. 
B) systematic observation. 
C) sampling behavior with tasks. 
D) interviews.

Question 17

The cognitive-developmental perspective is mainly concerned with

Accepted Answer

A) experience. 
B) personality. 
C) thinking. 
D) context. 
A) experience. 
B) personality. 
C) thinking. 
D) context.

Question 18

__________________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development,particularly for vulnerable children and families.

Accepted Answer

A) Family policy 
B) Applied developmental science 
C) A quasi-experimental design 
D) The Index of Social Health for Children and Youth (ISHCY) 
A) Family policy 
B) Applied developmental science 
C) A quasi-experimental design 
D) The Index of Social Health for Children and Youth (ISHCY)

Question 19

Creating an emotional bond with the mother is sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy. 
B) adapting. 
C) imprinting. 
D) maturation. 
A) self-efficacy. 
B) adapting. 
C) imprinting. 
D) maturation.

Question 20

Children's names should be linked with their data so that they are easy to identify.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

One difference between Skinner's operant conditioning and Bandura's social cognitive theory is that

Which shows the correct sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

__________ measures ask children questions about the topic of interest.

__________________ based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and was interested in age-trends in children's beliefs and feelings.

A researcher wants to examine the changes in the stability of friendship between first and third grade.Should the researcher use a cross-sectional or a longitudinal design? Explain your choice.Give the advantages and disadvantages of each design.

Piaget viewed development as an apprenticeship in which children develop when they work with skilled adults,including teachers and parents.

According to __________ children develop when they work with skilled adults,including parents and teachers.

Psychosocial theory is associated with

The variable in an experiment that is observed to see if it changes when another variable is manipulated is called the

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

Abstract thinking characterizes thought during Piaget's stage of formal operational thinking.

___________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within the body.

Imagine the following correlation: The more overweight the child,the slower his or her running speed.Given only this information,which of the following could be true?

Irina wants to study infant language development.She decides to watch 10 babies once a month from birth to 2 years of age and write down the sounds they make and the words they use.Irina Is using

The cognitive-developmental perspective is mainly concerned with

__________________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development,particularly for vulnerable children and families.

Creating an emotional bond with the mother is sometimes called

Children's names should be linked with their data so that they are easy to identify.

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters

Exam 1: The Science of Child Development

One difference between Skinner's operant conditioning and Bandura's social cognitive theory is that

Which shows the correct sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

__________ measures ask children questions about the topic of interest.

__________________ based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and was interested in age-trends in children's beliefs and feelings.

A researcher wants to examine the changes in the stability of friendship between first and third grade.Should the researcher use a cross-sectional or a longitudinal design? Explain your choice.Give the advantages and disadvantages of each design.

Piaget viewed development as an apprenticeship in which children develop when they work with skilled adults,including teachers and parents.

According to __________ children develop when they work with skilled adults,including parents and teachers.

Psychosocial theory is associated with

The variable in an experiment that is observed to see if it changes when another variable is manipulated is called the

Which of the following is an ethical responsibility that researchers have to the participants in their research?

Abstract thinking characterizes thought during Piaget's stage of formal operational thinking.

___________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within the body.

Imagine the following correlation: The more overweight the child,the slower his or her running speed.Given only this information,which of the following could be true?

Irina wants to study infant language development.She decides to watch 10 babies once a month from birth to 2 years of age and write down the sounds they make and the words they use.Irina Is using

The cognitive-developmental perspective is mainly concerned with

__________________ uses developmental research to promote healthy development,particularly for vulnerable children and families.

Creating an emotional bond with the mother is sometimes called

Children's names should be linked with their data so that they are easy to identify.

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters