Question 1

Which of the following is a weakness of self-report measures?

Accepted Answer

A) They are difficult to use with behaviors that are rare or that typically occur in private settings. 
B) They may be invalid because they cannot sample behavior as it occurs naturally. 
C) They may be invalid because structured settings distort the behavior. 
D) They may be invalid because children answer incorrectly due to forgetting or response bias. 
A) They are difficult to use with behaviors that are rare or that typically occur in private settings. 
B) They may be invalid because they cannot sample behavior as it occurs naturally. 
C) They may be invalid because structured settings distort the behavior. 
D) They may be invalid because children answer incorrectly due to forgetting or response bias.

Question 2

A correlation of .82 was found between the number of hours studied and final exam scores.This means that

Accepted Answer

A) students who studied less received higher exam scores. 
B) students who studied less received lower exam scores. 
C) studying caused students to receive higher exam scores. 
D) the amount of studying was unrelated to exam scores. 
A) students who studied less received higher exam scores. 
B) students who studied less received lower exam scores. 
C) studying caused students to receive higher exam scores. 
D) the amount of studying was unrelated to exam scores.

Question 3

Freud based his psychodynamic theory on

Accepted Answer

A) his patients' case histories. 
B) observations of his children. 
C) correlational research studies. 
D) experimental research studies. 
A) his patients' case histories. 
B) observations of his children. 
C) correlational research studies. 
D) experimental research studies.

Question 4

A reward that consists of taking away something unpleasant is called

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) extinction. 
D) punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) extinction. 
D) punishment.

Question 5

Weaknesses of longitudinal studies include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) cohort effects. 
B) selective attrition. 
C) practice effects. 
D) inability to examine individual development over time. 
A) cohort effects. 
B) selective attrition. 
C) practice effects. 
D) inability to examine individual development over time.

Question 6

Piaget believed that children

Accepted Answer

A) are passively shaped by their experiences. 
B) actively try to make sense of their world. 
C) learn through a series of reinforcements and punishments. 
D) face a series of conflicts or challenges as they develop. 
A) are passively shaped by their experiences. 
B) actively try to make sense of their world. 
C) learn through a series of reinforcements and punishments. 
D) face a series of conflicts or challenges as they develop.

Question 7

Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that the human infant is a tabula rasa such that experience molds the individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In an experimental study,the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent variable 
B) independent variable 
C) correlation coefficient 
D) random assignment 
A) dependent variable 
B) independent variable 
C) correlation coefficient 
D) random assignment

Question 9

According to maturational theory,parents should carefully construct their children's environments so that behaviors like speech,play,and reasoning will all emerge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Two first-grade teachers were interested in boys' aggressive behavior that seemed to happen during recess.One teacher believed that the aggressive behavior was more likely to happen when the boys and girls got to play together during recess while the other teacher believed that the boys' aggressive behavior was worse when they played among themselves.To settle their debate,for one week they had the boys play alone (without the girls)during recess.The following week they had the boys play with the girls during recess.The teachers monitored boys' aggressive behavior each week.What potential ethical problems do these teachers have? How could this problem be corrected and avoided?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will be similar to the fol

Question 11

A theory is supported when research results match the theory's predictions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When 8-year-old Chris brought home a report card with all A's,his parents gave him one dollar for each "A." Chris's parents were attempting to use __________ to shape Chris's future behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) punishment 
D) self-efficacy 
A) negative reinforcement 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) punishment 
D) self-efficacy

Question 13

Whenever Krysia hung up her coat and put away her backpack after school,she was excused from setting the table,a chore she detests.Krysia's parents were using __________ to modify her behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy 
B) punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement 
A) self-efficacy 
B) punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement

Question 14

The continuity-discontinuity issue addresses the question of whether

Accepted Answer

A) genes or environment are most important. 
B) development in different domains is related. 
C) children actively influence their own development. 
D) early development is related to later development. 
A) genes or environment are most important. 
B) development in different domains is related. 
C) children actively influence their own development. 
D) early development is related to later development.

Question 15

The ego,one of Freud's components of personality,tries to resolve the conflicts between one's biological desires and society's standards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a microgenetic design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Applied developmental science uses developmental research to promote healthy development,particularly for vulnerable children and families.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that

Accepted Answer

A) experience molds each person into a unique individual. 
B) children should be left alone so that their good natures can unfold. 
C) heredity plays a major role in an individual's development. 
D) infants cannot think because their minds are blank. 
A) experience molds each person into a unique individual. 
B) children should be left alone so that their good natures can unfold. 
C) heredity plays a major role in an individual's development. 
D) infants cannot think because their minds are blank.

Question 19

One drawback of structured observations is that

Accepted Answer

A) the artificial nature of the setting may distort the behavior of interest. 
B) they cannot be used to study behaviors that occur naturally only rarely. 
C) they can only be used to study behaviors that occur in public settings. 
D) they cannot be performed in a laboratory. 
A) the artificial nature of the setting may distort the behavior of interest. 
B) they cannot be used to study behaviors that occur naturally only rarely. 
C) they can only be used to study behaviors that occur in public settings. 
D) they cannot be performed in a laboratory.

Question 20

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behavior that it follows is called

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) self-efficacy. 
D) punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) self-efficacy. 
D) punishment.

Which of the following is a weakness of self-report measures?

A correlation of .82 was found between the number of hours studied and final exam scores.This means that

Freud based his psychodynamic theory on

A reward that consists of taking away something unpleasant is called

Weaknesses of longitudinal studies include all of the following EXCEPT:

Piaget believed that children

Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that the human infant is a tabula rasa such that experience molds the individual.

In an experimental study,the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.

According to maturational theory,parents should carefully construct their children's environments so that behaviors like speech,play,and reasoning will all emerge.

A theory is supported when research results match the theory's predictions.

When 8-year-old Chris brought home a report card with all A's,his parents gave him one dollar for each "A." Chris's parents were attempting to use __________ to shape Chris's future behavior.

Whenever Krysia hung up her coat and put away her backpack after school,she was excused from setting the table,a chore she detests.Krysia's parents were using __________ to modify her behavior.

The continuity-discontinuity issue addresses the question of whether

The ego,one of Freud's components of personality,tries to resolve the conflicts between one's biological desires and society's standards.

Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a microgenetic design.

Applied developmental science uses developmental research to promote healthy development,particularly for vulnerable children and families.

The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that

One drawback of structured observations is that

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behavior that it follows is called

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters

Exam 1: The Science of Child Development

Which of the following is a weakness of self-report measures?

A correlation of .82 was found between the number of hours studied and final exam scores.This means that

Freud based his psychodynamic theory on

A reward that consists of taking away something unpleasant is called

Weaknesses of longitudinal studies include all of the following EXCEPT:

Piaget believed that children

Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that the human infant is a tabula rasa such that experience molds the individual.

In an experimental study,the ________ is manipulated to observe its effects on another variable.

According to maturational theory,parents should carefully construct their children's environments so that behaviors like speech,play,and reasoning will all emerge.

A theory is supported when research results match the theory's predictions.

When 8-year-old Chris brought home a report card with all A's,his parents gave him one dollar for each "A." Chris's parents were attempting to use __________ to shape Chris's future behavior.

Whenever Krysia hung up her coat and put away her backpack after school,she was excused from setting the table,a chore she detests.Krysia's parents were using __________ to modify her behavior.

The continuity-discontinuity issue addresses the question of whether

The ego,one of Freud's components of personality,tries to resolve the conflicts between one's biological desires and society's standards.

Different sequences of children are tested longitudinally in a microgenetic design.

Applied developmental science uses developmental research to promote healthy development,particularly for vulnerable children and families.

The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that

One drawback of structured observations is that

A consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behavior that it follows is called

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters