Question 1

Sentencing guidelines intended to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  restrain judges' discretion. 
B)  reduce inequalities in sentencing. 
C)  take into account the past criminal history of the defendant. 
D)  increase the severity of sentences. 
A)  restrain judges' discretion. 
B)  reduce inequalities in sentencing. 
C)  take into account the past criminal history of the defendant. 
D)  increase the severity of sentences. D

Question 2

The rate of HIV/AIDS among state and federal prisoners is about _____ times higher than the rate for the general population.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  7 
D)  12 
A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  7 
D)  12 D

Question 3

It is estimated that about _____ of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness.

Accepted Answer

A)  5% 
B)  15% 
C)  30% 
D)  50% 
A)  5% 
B)  15% 
C)  30% 
D)  50% B

Question 4

The average cost of imprisonment for prisoners over the age of 55 is over _____ per year.

Accepted Answer

A)  $30,000 
B)  $50,000 
C)  $80,000 
D)  $100,000 
A)  $30,000 
B)  $50,000 
C)  $80,000 
D)  $100,000

Question 5

The Supreme Court abandoned the rigidity of mandatory sentencing in the case of:

Accepted Answer

A)  United States v. Booker. 
B)  United States v. Ruback. 
C)  United States v. McCarthy. 
D)  United States v. Wroblewksi. 
A)  United States v. Booker. 
B)  United States v. Ruback. 
C)  United States v. McCarthy. 
D)  United States v. Wroblewksi.

Question 6

Which of the four goals of imprisonment did the creators of early prisons in the United States aspire to fulfill?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incapacitation. 
B)  Deterrence. 
C)  Retribution. 
D)  Rehabilitation. 
A)  Incapacitation. 
B)  Deterrence. 
C)  Retribution. 
D)  Rehabilitation.

Question 7

Crime rates have been _____ for the last 15 to 20 years. However, the rate of incarceration in the United States is _____ that of other industrialized democracies.

Accepted Answer

A)  falling; getting close to 
B)  rising; getting close to 
C)  rising; much lower than 
D)  falling; still several times higher than 
A)  falling; getting close to 
B)  rising; getting close to 
C)  rising; much lower than 
D)  falling; still several times higher than

Question 8

A rather radical approach to sentencing guidelines involves mandatory, or determinate sentencing, which requires judges to:

Accepted Answer

A)  implement the three strikes laws. 
B)  hand down sentences within a prescribed range. 
C)  defer the sentencing decision to the jury. 
D)  consider the defendant's personality characteristics. 
A)  implement the three strikes laws. 
B)  hand down sentences within a prescribed range. 
C)  defer the sentencing decision to the jury. 
D)  consider the defendant's personality characteristics.

Question 9

The largest single group of inmates in federal prisons, constituting almost half of all federal prisoners, consists of individuals who have been convicted of:

Accepted Answer

A)  murder. 
B)  drug offenses. 
C)  bank robbery. 
D)  tax evasion. 
A)  murder. 
B)  drug offenses. 
C)  bank robbery. 
D)  tax evasion.

Question 10

Studies find that there are several factors that lead to disparities in sentencing decisions. Which of the following is NOT one of these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male judges give significantly lighter sentences to women than to men. 
B)  For violent crimes, women receive shorter sentences than men. 
C)  African American male juveniles receive harsher sentences in politically conservative jurisdictions. 
D)  Young Hispanic men are least likely to be incarcerated for their crimes. 
A)  Male judges give significantly lighter sentences to women than to men. 
B)  For violent crimes, women receive shorter sentences than men. 
C)  African American male juveniles receive harsher sentences in politically conservative jurisdictions. 
D)  Young Hispanic men are least likely to be incarcerated for their crimes.

Question 11

According to the text, all of the following factors have contributed to the stunning rise of the prison population in the United States, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  "war on drugs." 
B)  increased use of parole. 
C)  mandatory sentencing. 
D)  increased imprisonment of juveniles. 
A)  "war on drugs." 
B)  increased use of parole. 
C)  mandatory sentencing. 
D)  increased imprisonment of juveniles.

Question 12

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: _____ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and about _____ of prisoners have been regular drug users before incarceration.

Accepted Answer

A)  10%; 25% 
B)  40%; 60% 
C)  25%; 90% 
D)  50%; 10% 
A)  10%; 25% 
B)  40%; 60% 
C)  25%; 90% 
D)  50%; 10%

Question 13

When an inmate is released from prison before his or her entire sentence has been served, to remain under the supervision of an officer in the community, this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  probation. 
B)  parole. 
C)  suspended sentence. 
D)  general deterrence. 
A)  probation. 
B)  parole. 
C)  suspended sentence. 
D)  general deterrence.

Question 14

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _____ causes evoke the strongest punitive response.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal, controllable, and stable 
B)  external, less controllable, and unstable 
C)  external, controllable, and unstable 
D)  internal, less controllable, and unstable 
A)  internal, controllable, and stable 
B)  external, less controllable, and unstable 
C)  external, controllable, and unstable 
D)  internal, less controllable, and unstable

Question 15

After being released from prison, approximately _____ of inmates will be rearrested and sent back to prison within 3 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  20% 
B)  33% 
C)  51% 
D)  67% 
A)  20% 
B)  33% 
C)  51% 
D)  67%

Exam 16: Section 3: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Sentencing guidelines intended to do all of the following EXCEPT:

The rate of HIV/AIDS among state and federal prisoners is about _____ times higher than the rate for the general population.

It is estimated that about _____ of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness.

The average cost of imprisonment for prisoners over the age of 55 is over _____ per year.

The Supreme Court abandoned the rigidity of mandatory sentencing in the case of:

Which of the four goals of imprisonment did the creators of early prisons in the United States aspire to fulfill?

Crime rates have been _____ for the last 15 to 20 years. However, the rate of incarceration in the United States is _____ that of other industrialized democracies.

A rather radical approach to sentencing guidelines involves mandatory, or determinate sentencing, which requires judges to:

The largest single group of inmates in federal prisons, constituting almost half of all federal prisoners, consists of individuals who have been convicted of:

Studies find that there are several factors that lead to disparities in sentencing decisions. Which of the following is NOT one of these findings?

According to the text, all of the following factors have contributed to the stunning rise of the prison population in the United States, EXCEPT:

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: _____ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and about _____ of prisoners have been regular drug users before incarceration.

When an inmate is released from prison before his or her entire sentence has been served, to remain under the supervision of an officer in the community, this is called:

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _____ causes evoke the strongest punitive response.

After being released from prison, approximately _____ of inmates will be rearrested and sent back to prison within 3 years.

Section 1: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 2: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 3: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Section 1: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 2: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 3: Interrogations and Confessions

Section 1: Lie Detection

Section 2: Lie Detection

Section 3: Lie Detection

Section 1: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 2: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 3: The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Section 1: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 2: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 3: Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Section 1: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 2: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 3: Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Section 1: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 2: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 3: Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Section 1: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 2: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 3: Competency to Stand Trial

Section 1: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 2: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 3: Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

Section 1: The Insanity Defense

Section 2: The Insanity Defense

Section 3: The Insanity Defense

Section 1: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 2: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 3: Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Section 1: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 2: Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 3 Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Section 1: Child Custody Disputes

Section 2: Child Custody Disputes

Section 3: Child Custody Disputes

Section 1: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 2: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 3: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Section 1: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 2: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 3: Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Section 1: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 2: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Section 1: The Death Penalty

Section 2: The Death Penalty

Section 3: The Death Penalty

Filters

Crime rates have been _ for the last 15 to 20 years. However, the rate of incarceration in the United States is _ that of other industrialized democracies.

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: _ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and about _ of prisoners have been regular drug users before incarceration.