Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Criminal Justice Research

______________ is a threat to internal validity in experiments due to natural processes of growth,boredom,and so on that occur during the experiment and affect the dependent variable.

An experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured periodically across many time points,and the treatment occurs in the midst of such measures,often only once is called a ___________________.

_______________is related to stability reliability.It occurs when the instrument or dependent variable measure changes during the experiment.

A threat to internal validity due to something that occurs and affects the dependent variable during an experiment,but that is unplanned and outside the control of the experimenter is known as ________________.

Also called the one-group posttest-only design,the _________________ has only one group,a treatment,and a posttest.Because there is only one group,there is no random assignment.

Demand characteristics are another type of reactivity.Subjects may pick up clues about the hypothesis or goal of an experiment,and they may change their behavior to what they think is demanded of them (i.e. ,support the hypothesis)in order to please the researcher.

All experimental designs are variations of the ___________________________ which has random assignment,a pretest and a posttest,an experimental group,and a control group.

The ability of experimenters to strengthen the logical rigor of a causal explanation by eliminating potential alternative explanations for an association between the treatment and dependent variable through an experimental design is known as ________________.

Experimenter expectancy is a type of reactivity and threat to internal validity due to the experimenter indirectly making subjects aware of the hypothesis or desired results.

A ____________ is measurement of the dependent variable of an experiment prior to the treatment.

_________________ are stronger than preexperimental designs.They are variations on the classical experimental design,they do not include randomization,and they also sometimes lack a pretest or control group.

_________________ has one group,a pretest,a treatment,and a posttest.It lacks a control group and random assignment.

An ________________ is another one-group design that extends over a time period.Instead of one treatment,it has a pretest,then a treatment and posttest,then treatment and posttest,then treatment and posttest,and so on.

A ____________ is measurement of the dependent variable of an experiment after the treatment.

Diffusion of treatment is the threat that research participants in different groups will communicate with each other and learn about the other's treatment.

Upholding treatment integrity means that the researcher constantly monitors the implementation of the treatment to ensure a consistent and robust treatment effect is known as __________________.

________________,or attrition,arises when some subjects do not continue throughout the experiment.

Compensatory behavior is a threat to internal validity that is a problem of extreme values or a tendency of random errors to move group results toward the average.

The group that does not get the treatment in experimental research is called the _______________.

What are the principles for accessing the feasibility of crime and justice experiments?