Exam 6: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement and Sampling

__________________ level of measurement that identifies a difference among categories of a variable and allows the categories to be rank ordered as well.

____________ addresses the question,Is the full content of a definition represented in a measure? A conceptual definition holds ideas;it is a "space" containing ideas.Measures should sample or represent all ideas or areas in that conceptual space.

_______________ refers to how reliable a measure is across time.

Sampling ratio is a sample in which the sampling elements are selected using something other than a mathematically random process.

The easiest to achieve and the most basic kind of validity is ___________.It is a judgment by the scientific community that the indicator really measures the construct.

Haphazard sampling is a nonrandom sample in which the researcher first identifies general categories into which cases or people will be selected,and then he or she selects cases to reach a predetermined number of cases in each category.

____________means dependability or consistency.It suggests that if the same measure is repeated or recurs under similar conditions,the same result will occur.

In simple random sampling,a researcher develops an accurate sampling frame,selects cases from the sampling frame according to a mathematically random procedure,and then locates the exact case that was selected for inclusion in the sample.

Discrete variables have a relatively fixed set of separate values or variable attributes.Instead of a smooth continuum of values,discrete variables contain distinct categories.They are measured at the ordinal and interval levels.

_________________ is a level of measurement that identifies differences among variable attributes,ranks categories,and measures distance between categories,but there is no true zero.

Quota sampling is a nonrandom sample in which the researcher selects anyone he or she happens to come across.

Levels of measurement is an insignificant an rarely used research methods idea.It states that we can measure a concept at similar levels of precision and specificity.

___________ suggests accuracy.It refers to how accurately a measure fits with reality.

_____________ relies on the occurrence of a future event or behavior that is logically consistent to verify the indicator of a construct.

___________ uses some standard or criterion to indicate a construct accurately.The validity of an indicator is verified by comparing it with another measure of the same construct in which a researcher has confidence.

_____________ is the process of taking a rough or vague idea and refining it by giving it a conceptual or theoretical definition.

________________ means that multiple measures of the same construct hang together or operate in similar ways.

List and describe the types of measurement reliability and validity.

Explain the different types of probability sampling.

_________________indicates only that there is a difference among categories with no ranking of those categories implied.