Exam 12: Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Data

____________________ means there is no association or no relationship between variables.

A column or set of columns assigned to a variable is called a data field or just a field.

___________ statistics portray phenomena using numbers.

________________ is the largest and smallest scores within a distribution of scores.

The _______________ is a method of data entry where the researcher manually types in the data.

An optical scan machine reads information from _______________ and inserts them directly into a computer file.

If the frequency distribution forms a "normal" or bell-shaped curve,the three measures of central tendency equal each other.If the distribution is a deviant distribution (i.e. ,more cases are in the upper or lower scores),then the three will not be equal.

Data ___________ means systematically reorganizing raw data into a format that is machine readable (i.e. ,easy to analyze using computers).

_____________ are ways to manipulate and summarize numbers that represent data from a research project.

For interval- or ratio-level data,a researcher often groups the information into categories.The grouped categories should be mutually exclusive.Interval- or Ratio-level data are often plotted in a___________________.

The ______________ is the easiest to use and can be used with nominal,ordinal, interval,or ratio data.It is simply the most common or frequently occurringNumber.

The median is the middle point.It is also the 50th percentile,or the point at which half the cases are above it and half below it.

A curvilinear relationship means that a straight line can be visualized in the middle of a maze of cases running from one corner to another.

The easiest way to describe the numerical data of one variable is with a ___________________.It can be used with nominal-,ordinal-,interval-,or ratio-level data and takes many forms.

______________ tell the score at a specific place within the distribution.

A linear relationship means that the center of a maze of cases would form a U curve,right side up or upside down,or an S curve.

________________ let a researcher consider two variables together and describe the relationship between variables.

The _____________ is a set of rules stating that certain numbers are assigned to variable attributes.

means actually writing the code categories directly on the questionnaire.The codes are contained within the codebook.

The mean,also called the arithmetic average,is the most widely used measure of central tendency.It can be used only with interval- or ratio-level data.