Question 1

Long-term potentiation (LTP)is dependent on

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic processes only. 
B)  postsynaptic processes only. 
C)  retrograde signaling processes only. 
D)  presynaptic processes in some locations and postsynaptic processes in others. 
A)  presynaptic processes only. 
B)  postsynaptic processes only. 
C)  retrograde signaling processes only. 
D)  presynaptic processes in some locations and postsynaptic processes in others.

Question 2

Eyeblink conditioning in human participants

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur. 
B)  is impaired in participants with amygdalar damage. 
C)  is impaired in participants with cerebellar damage. 
D)  is retained in participants with amygdalar or cerebellar damage. 
A)  does not occur. 
B)  is impaired in participants with amygdalar damage. 
C)  is impaired in participants with cerebellar damage. 
D)  is retained in participants with amygdalar or cerebellar damage.

Question 3

Which memories are easiest to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  procedural 
C)  semantic and episodic 
D)  explicit 
A)  sensory 
B)  procedural 
C)  semantic and episodic 
D)  explicit

Question 4

Longer-term habituation in Aplysia,lasting up to three weeks,most likely results from

Accepted Answer

A)  the temporary depletion of available neurotransmitter in the motor neuron serving the gill muscle. 
B)  the temporary depletion of available neurotransmitter in the presynaptic sensory neuron. 
C)  fatigue in the muscles serving the gill. 
D)  changes in NMDA glutamate receptors. 
A)  the temporary depletion of available neurotransmitter in the motor neuron serving the gill muscle. 
B)  the temporary depletion of available neurotransmitter in the presynaptic sensory neuron. 
C)  fatigue in the muscles serving the gill. 
D)  changes in NMDA glutamate receptors.

Question 5

When organisms learn that certain stimuli predict the occurrence of other environmental stimuli,which of the following processes has probably occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitization 
B)  habituation 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  extinction 
A)  sensitization 
B)  habituation 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  extinction

Question 6

What is the difference between associative and non-associative types of learning?

Accepted Answer

Associative learning involves

Question 7

The frequency of reporting false memories is correlated with levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  propalonol. 
B)  glucocorticoids,including cortisol. 
C)  serotonin activity. 
D)  GABA activity. 
A)  propalonol. 
B)  glucocorticoids,including cortisol. 
C)  serotonin activity. 
D)  GABA activity.

Question 8

Limited quantities of information can be held for a maximum of 15-18 seconds in _________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  short-term 
C)  long-term 
D)  episodic 
A)  sensory 
B)  short-term 
C)  long-term 
D)  episodic

Question 9

Many mating and parenting behaviors,including the tailfeather display of the male peacock,are examples of instinctive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Trace conditioning differs from delay conditioning in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trace conditioning can be demonstrated in Aplysia,but delay conditioning cannot. 
B)  Trace conditioning does not require conscious processing by the forebrain,but delay conditioning does. 
C)  Delay conditioning involves a stimulus-free period between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli,but the stimuli overlap in trace conditioning. 
D)  Trace conditioning involves a stimulus-free period between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli,but the stimuli overlap in delay conditioning. 
A)  Trace conditioning can be demonstrated in Aplysia,but delay conditioning cannot. 
B)  Trace conditioning does not require conscious processing by the forebrain,but delay conditioning does. 
C)  Delay conditioning involves a stimulus-free period between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli,but the stimuli overlap in trace conditioning. 
D)  Trace conditioning involves a stimulus-free period between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli,but the stimuli overlap in delay conditioning.

Question 11

In the classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane in rabbits,the unconditioned stimulus is usually a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  puff of air to the eye. 
B)  tone. 
C)  electric shock to the tail. 
D)  pellet of food. 
A)  puff of air to the eye. 
B)  tone. 
C)  electric shock to the tail. 
D)  pellet of food.

Question 12

Luis developed anterograde amnesia when he was in his twenties due to surgery.You would expect him to have difficulty with which one of the following tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning to ride a bike 
B)  learning to swim 
C)  telling a joke he heard yesterday 
D)  telling a joke he heard when he was 10 
A)  learning to ride a bike 
B)  learning to swim 
C)  telling a joke he heard yesterday 
D)  telling a joke he heard when he was 10

Question 13

The structure identified as number 5 in this illustration represents a

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel fiber. 
B)  climbing fiber. 
C)  mossy fiber. 
D)  perforant pathway fiber. 
A)  parallel fiber. 
B)  climbing fiber. 
C)  mossy fiber. 
D)  perforant pathway fiber.

Question 14

"Associativity" in the Hebb synapse refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  use of the same type of neurotransmitter in both the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
B)  simultaneous activity of several synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  nearly simultaneous activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  ability of the postsynaptic cell to use retrograde messengers such as NO to communicate with the presynaptic cell. 
A)  use of the same type of neurotransmitter in both the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
B)  simultaneous activity of several synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  nearly simultaneous activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  ability of the postsynaptic cell to use retrograde messengers such as NO to communicate with the presynaptic cell.

Question 15

The emotional and declarative aspects of a memory for a stressful event

Accepted Answer

A)  are both a result of activity in the hippocampus. 
B)  are both a result of activity in the amygdala. 
C)  are the result of independent activity in the amygdala and hippocampus,respectively. 
D)  result when activity in the hippocampus inhibits activity in the amygdala. 
A)  are both a result of activity in the hippocampus. 
B)  are both a result of activity in the amygdala. 
C)  are the result of independent activity in the amygdala and hippocampus,respectively. 
D)  result when activity in the hippocampus inhibits activity in the amygdala.

Question 16

Information from structure number 1,known as ____________________,leaves the hippocampus via structure number ____________________,which forms the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Information from structure number 1,known...

Question 17

James constantly asks his friend Rob to tell him what the professor just said in lecture,because James has much more trouble remembering verbal information long enough to write it down in his notes.It is likely that James

Accepted Answer

A)  has some type of mild brain damage. 
B)  is more likely than Rob to use simple repetition to remember verbal material. 
C)  experiences more activation of his anterior cingulate cortex than Rob during verbal tasks. 
D)  is more likely than Rob to use semantic strategies during short-term verbal memory tasks. 
A)  has some type of mild brain damage. 
B)  is more likely than Rob to use simple repetition to remember verbal material. 
C)  experiences more activation of his anterior cingulate cortex than Rob during verbal tasks. 
D)  is more likely than Rob to use semantic strategies during short-term verbal memory tasks.

Question 18

Mice that were genetically enhanced to produce stronger LTP in the hippocampus showed

Accepted Answer

A)  no gains in learning and memory. 
B)  superior spatial learning,but reduced performance in classically conditioned fear situations. 
C)  superior learning in classically conditioned fear situations and recognizing novel stimuli,but showed impaired spatial learning. 
D)  superior learning and memory performance across many diverse tasks. 
A)  no gains in learning and memory. 
B)  superior spatial learning,but reduced performance in classically conditioned fear situations. 
C)  superior learning in classically conditioned fear situations and recognizing novel stimuli,but showed impaired spatial learning. 
D)  superior learning and memory performance across many diverse tasks.

Question 19

Lashley was incorrect in his assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  parts of the cortex were interchangeable in their contributions to learning and memory. 
B)  large lesions affect learned behavior more than small lesions. 
C)  memories are stored in one specific location in the cortex. 
D)  size and location of lesions have equal impacts on learned behavior. 
A)  parts of the cortex were interchangeable in their contributions to learning and memory. 
B)  large lesions affect learned behavior more than small lesions. 
C)  memories are stored in one specific location in the cortex. 
D)  size and location of lesions have equal impacts on learned behavior.

Question 20

Karl Lashley suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  location of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
B)  the size of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
C)  size and location of a lesion were equally correlated with learned performance. 
D)  neither the size nor the location of a lesion was correlated with learned performance. 
A)  location of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
B)  the size of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
C)  size and location of a lesion were equally correlated with learned performance. 
D)  neither the size nor the location of a lesion was correlated with learned performance.

Long-term potentiation (LTP)is dependent on

Eyeblink conditioning in human participants

Which memories are easiest to demonstrate?

Longer-term habituation in Aplysia,lasting up to three weeks,most likely results from

When organisms learn that certain stimuli predict the occurrence of other environmental stimuli,which of the following processes has probably occurred?

What is the difference between associative and non-associative types of learning?

The frequency of reporting false memories is correlated with levels of

Limited quantities of information can be held for a maximum of 15-18 seconds in _________ memory.

Many mating and parenting behaviors,including the tailfeather display of the male peacock,are examples of instinctive behaviors.

Trace conditioning differs from delay conditioning in which of the following ways?

In the classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane in rabbits,the unconditioned stimulus is usually a(n)

Luis developed anterograde amnesia when he was in his twenties due to surgery.You would expect him to have difficulty with which one of the following tasks?

The structure identified as number 5 in this illustration represents a

"Associativity" in the Hebb synapse refers to the

The emotional and declarative aspects of a memory for a stressful event

Information from structure number 1,known as ,leaves the hippocampus via structure number ,which forms the .

James constantly asks his friend Rob to tell him what the professor just said in lecture,because James has much more trouble remembering verbal information long enough to write it down in his notes.It is likely that James

Mice that were genetically enhanced to produce stronger LTP in the hippocampus showed

Lashley was incorrect in his assumption that

Karl Lashley suggested that

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 12: Learning and Memory

Long-term potentiation (LTP)is dependent on

Eyeblink conditioning in human participants

Which memories are easiest to demonstrate?

Longer-term habituation in Aplysia,lasting up to three weeks,most likely results from

When organisms learn that certain stimuli predict the occurrence of other environmental stimuli,which of the following processes has probably occurred?

What is the difference between associative and non-associative types of learning?

The frequency of reporting false memories is correlated with levels of

Limited quantities of information can be held for a maximum of 15-18 seconds in _________ memory.

Many mating and parenting behaviors,including the tailfeather display of the male peacock,are examples of instinctive behaviors.

Trace conditioning differs from delay conditioning in which of the following ways?

In the classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane in rabbits,the unconditioned stimulus is usually a(n)

Luis developed anterograde amnesia when he was in his twenties due to surgery.You would expect him to have difficulty with which one of the following tasks?

The structure identified as number 5 in this illustration represents a

"Associativity" in the Hebb synapse refers to the

The emotional and declarative aspects of a memory for a stressful event

Information from structure number 1,known as ____________________,leaves the hippocampus via structure number ____________________,which forms the ____________________.

James constantly asks his friend Rob to tell him what the professor just said in lecture,because James has much more trouble remembering verbal information long enough to write it down in his notes.It is likely that James

Mice that were genetically enhanced to produce stronger LTP in the hippocampus showed

Lashley was incorrect in his assumption that

Karl Lashley suggested that

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Information from structure number 1,known as ,leaves the hippocampus via structure number ,which forms the .