Question 1

Long-term depression (LTD)reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sensitivity to glutamate. 
B)  decreased sensitivity to glutamate. 
C)  increased sensitivity to serotonin. 
D)  decreased sensitivity to serotonin. 
A)  increased sensitivity to glutamate. 
B)  decreased sensitivity to glutamate. 
C)  increased sensitivity to serotonin. 
D)  decreased sensitivity to serotonin.

Question 2

Trace conditioning requires more activity in the forebrain than delay conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Output from the hippocampus travels to

Accepted Answer

A)  association cortex via the parahippocampal and rhinal cortices. 
B)  the amygdala via the perforant pathway. 
C)  the thalamus via the mossy fibers. 
D)  the hypothalamus via the fornix. 
A)  association cortex via the parahippocampal and rhinal cortices. 
B)  the amygdala via the perforant pathway. 
C)  the thalamus via the mossy fibers. 
D)  the hypothalamus via the fornix.

Question 4

Long-term potentiation (LTP)can be demonstrated outside the hippocampus at synapses involving neurotransmitters other than glutamate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Describe the changes in brain activity during the processing of memories that occur in old age.

Accepted Answer

Even in healthy aging,parts of the brain

Question 6

In sensitization in Aplysia,PKA acts to

Accepted Answer

A)  convert ATP into cyclic AMP. 
B)  activate adenylyl cyclase. 
C)  increase the release of serotonin by the interneuron. 
D)  increase the release of glutamate by the sensory neuron. 
A)  convert ATP into cyclic AMP. 
B)  activate adenylyl cyclase. 
C)  increase the release of serotonin by the interneuron. 
D)  increase the release of glutamate by the sensory neuron.

Question 7

Parallel fibers synapsing in the cerebellum originate in

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons in the inferior olive of the medulla. 
B)  neurons in the pons. 
C)  Purkinje cells. 
D)  granule cells. 
A)  neurons in the inferior olive of the medulla. 
B)  neurons in the pons. 
C)  Purkinje cells. 
D)  granule cells.

Question 8

The cAMP-PKA pathway

Accepted Answer

A)  is important in invertebrates like Aplysia,but probably plays a lesser role in learning in mammals. 
B)  is important in mammals,but cannot be demonstrated in simple organisms like Aplysia. 
C)  appears to play similar roles in invertebrates like Aplysia and in mammals. 
D)  results in changes in gene expression in invertebrates like Aplysia,but not in mammals. 
A)  is important in invertebrates like Aplysia,but probably plays a lesser role in learning in mammals. 
B)  is important in mammals,but cannot be demonstrated in simple organisms like Aplysia. 
C)  appears to play similar roles in invertebrates like Aplysia and in mammals. 
D)  results in changes in gene expression in invertebrates like Aplysia,but not in mammals.

Question 9

Areas CA1-CA4 are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. 
B)  Ammon's horn in the hippocampus. 
C)  the parahippocampal cortex. 
D)  the rhinal cortex. 
A)  the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. 
B)  Ammon's horn in the hippocampus. 
C)  the parahippocampal cortex. 
D)  the rhinal cortex.

Question 10

How does long-term depression occur in the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Paired electrical stimulation

Question 11

Postsynaptic changes during sensitization

Accepted Answer

A)  do not occur. 
B)  include increases in the number of AMPA glutamate receptors. 
C)  include increases in the number of NMDA glutamate receptors. 
D)  include decreases in the number of serotonin receptors. 
A)  do not occur. 
B)  include increases in the number of AMPA glutamate receptors. 
C)  include increases in the number of NMDA glutamate receptors. 
D)  include decreases in the number of serotonin receptors.

Question 12

Applying drugs that act as antagonists at the NMDA glutamate receptor interferes with

Accepted Answer

A)  both LTP and spatial memory. 
B)  neither LTP nor spatial memory. 
C)  LTP,but not with spatial memory. 
D)  spatial memory,but not with LTP. 
A)  both LTP and spatial memory. 
B)  neither LTP nor spatial memory. 
C)  LTP,but not with spatial memory. 
D)  spatial memory,but not with LTP.

Question 13

In Pavlov's classic experiments,salivation to a metronome is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 14

Changes in the magnitude of a response to environmental stimuli is typical in

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive behaviors. 
B)  reflexes. 
C)  associative learning. 
D)  nonassociative learning. 
A)  instinctive behaviors. 
B)  reflexes. 
C)  associative learning. 
D)  nonassociative learning.

Question 15

Patients with anterograde amnesia show deficits in

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit,but not explicit memory. 
B)  explicit,but not implicit memory. 
C)  both explicit and implicit memory. 
D)  neither explicit nor implicit memory. 
A)  implicit,but not explicit memory. 
B)  explicit,but not implicit memory. 
C)  both explicit and implicit memory. 
D)  neither explicit nor implicit memory.

Question 16

When an organism reduces its responses to an ongoing,harmless source of information,which of the following processes has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive behavior 
B)  habituation 
C)  sensitization 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  instinctive behavior 
B)  habituation 
C)  sensitization 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 17

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)might someday be prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  the injection of propalonol,which blocks glucocorticoids. 
B)  the injection of propalonol,which activates glucocorticoids. 
C)  injections of glucocorticoids. 
D)  injections of glutamate agonists. 
A)  the injection of propalonol,which blocks glucocorticoids. 
B)  the injection of propalonol,which activates glucocorticoids. 
C)  injections of glucocorticoids. 
D)  injections of glutamate agonists.

Question 18

Describe the approach suggested by David Diamond and his colleagues for reconciling memory failures associated with stress,such as repression,with memory enhancements,such as flashbulb memories and the flashbacks associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

David Diamond and his colleagues suggest

Question 19

Simultaneous activation of climbing and parallel fibers results in _________ in Purkinje cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in EPSPs 
B)  decreases in EPSPs 
C)  increases in IPSPs 
D)  decreases in IPSPs 
A)  increases in EPSPs 
B)  decreases in EPSPs 
C)  increases in IPSPs 
D)  decreases in IPSPs

Question 20

Psychologists define learning as

Accepted Answer

A)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience. 
B)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to maturation. 
C)  the systematic organization of information for later recall and use. 
D)  the acquisition of new information through study. 
A)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to experience. 
B)  relatively permanent changes in behavior due to maturation. 
C)  the systematic organization of information for later recall and use. 
D)  the acquisition of new information through study.

Long-term depression (LTD)reflects

Trace conditioning requires more activity in the forebrain than delay conditioning.

Output from the hippocampus travels to

Long-term potentiation (LTP)can be demonstrated outside the hippocampus at synapses involving neurotransmitters other than glutamate.

Describe the changes in brain activity during the processing of memories that occur in old age.

In sensitization in Aplysia,PKA acts to

Parallel fibers synapsing in the cerebellum originate in

The cAMP-PKA pathway

Areas CA1-CA4 are found in

How does long-term depression occur in the cerebellum?

Postsynaptic changes during sensitization

Applying drugs that act as antagonists at the NMDA glutamate receptor interferes with

In Pavlov's classic experiments,salivation to a metronome is an example of a(n)

Changes in the magnitude of a response to environmental stimuli is typical in

Patients with anterograde amnesia show deficits in

When an organism reduces its responses to an ongoing,harmless source of information,which of the following processes has occurred?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)might someday be prevented by

Describe the approach suggested by David Diamond and his colleagues for reconciling memory failures associated with stress,such as repression,with memory enhancements,such as flashbulb memories and the flashbacks associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Simultaneous activation of climbing and parallel fibers results in _________ in Purkinje cells.

Psychologists define learning as

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 12: Learning and Memory

Long-term depression (LTD)reflects

Trace conditioning requires more activity in the forebrain than delay conditioning.

Output from the hippocampus travels to

Long-term potentiation (LTP)can be demonstrated outside the hippocampus at synapses involving neurotransmitters other than glutamate.

Describe the changes in brain activity during the processing of memories that occur in old age.

In sensitization in Aplysia,PKA acts to

Parallel fibers synapsing in the cerebellum originate in

The cAMP-PKA pathway

Areas CA1-CA4 are found in

How does long-term depression occur in the cerebellum?

Postsynaptic changes during sensitization

Applying drugs that act as antagonists at the NMDA glutamate receptor interferes with

In Pavlov's classic experiments,salivation to a metronome is an example of a(n)

Changes in the magnitude of a response to environmental stimuli is typical in

Patients with anterograde amnesia show deficits in

When an organism reduces its responses to an ongoing,harmless source of information,which of the following processes has occurred?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)might someday be prevented by

Describe the approach suggested by David Diamond and his colleagues for reconciling memory failures associated with stress,such as repression,with memory enhancements,such as flashbulb memories and the flashbacks associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Simultaneous activation of climbing and parallel fibers results in _________ in Purkinje cells.

Psychologists define learning as

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters