Question 1

If a line graph has been used to portray the results of a single-factor study, you can be sure that

Accepted Answer

A)  the dependent variable is a discrete variable 
B)  it is a multilevel design, not a two-level design 
C)  there is a continuous variable on the X-axis 
D)  a nonlinear effect will occur 
A)  the dependent variable is a discrete variable 
B)  it is a multilevel design, not a two-level design 
C)  there is a continuous variable on the X-axis 
D)  a nonlinear effect will occur

Question 2

The use of control groups has been criticized on ethical grounds because

Accepted Answer

A)  those in control groups seldom have the opportunity to give informed consent 
B)  control group participants aren't debriefed 
C)  control group participants could be missing an effective therapy 
D)  those in control groups, because they are still waiting for therapy, are more likely to have their privacy violated 
A)  those in control groups seldom have the opportunity to give informed consent 
B)  control group participants aren't debriefed 
C)  control group participants could be missing an effective therapy 
D)  those in control groups, because they are still waiting for therapy, are more likely to have their privacy violated

Question 3

A t test for independent samples is used to compare experimental conditions in which of the following designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  single-factor, independent groups design 
B)  single-factor, matched groups design 
C)  single-factor, nonequivalent groups design 
D)  both alternatives a. and c. 
A)  single-factor, independent groups design 
B)  single-factor, matched groups design 
C)  single-factor, nonequivalent groups design 
D)  both alternatives a. and c.

Question 4

Compared with designs that have just two levels, multilevel designs provide two advantages. Use the famous Ebbinghaus study to illustrate one of those advantages and the Bransford and Johnson study of the effects of context on memory to illustrate the second.

Accepted Answer

Multilevel designs provide two advantage

Question 5

A graph comparing males and females on reaction time would be a bar graph because gender is a(n) _________ variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A graph comparing males and females on...

Question 6

In a study on social skills training in children with autism, Kroeger et al. made sure that at the start of the study the groups were equal in terms a level of cognitive functioning. They used a(n) __________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a study on social skills training...

Question 7

Which of the following studies used a single-factor, repeated-measures design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kroeger et al.'s study, which evaluated the effects of a social skills program for autism 
B)  the study by Kasser and Sheldon, which compared groups writing two kinds of essays 
C)  Lee and Aronson's study comparing the effects of having a room move forward or backward 
D)  the study by McDonald and Flanagan, which examined the effects of traumatic brain injury 
A)  Kroeger et al.'s study, which evaluated the effects of a social skills program for autism 
B)  the study by Kasser and Sheldon, which compared groups writing two kinds of essays 
C)  Lee and Aronson's study comparing the effects of having a room move forward or backward 
D)  the study by McDonald and Flanagan, which examined the effects of traumatic brain injury

Question 8

Which of the following is true about the Yerkes-Dodson arousal-performance study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yerkes and Dodson examined athletes' motor performance 
B)  with more arousal, there was a decline in performance 
C)  it's an example of a study which should be illustrated with a line graph 
D)  it's an example of a study which should be illustrated with a bar graph 
A)  Yerkes and Dodson examined athletes' motor performance 
B)  with more arousal, there was a decline in performance 
C)  it's an example of a study which should be illustrated with a line graph 
D)  it's an example of a study which should be illustrated with a bar graph

Question 9

For the designs in this chapter, post hoc testing occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  a 1-factor ANOVA yields a significant effect 
B)  a 1-factor ANOVA has failed to yield a significant effect 
C)  multiple t tests have been completed, and at least one has rejected the null hypothesis 
D)  multiple t tests have been completed, but none have rejected the null hypothesis 
A)  a 1-factor ANOVA yields a significant effect 
B)  a 1-factor ANOVA has failed to yield a significant effect 
C)  multiple t tests have been completed, and at least one has rejected the null hypothesis 
D)  multiple t tests have been completed, but none have rejected the null hypothesis

Question 10

When analyzing a multilevel design, multiple t tests

Accepted Answer

A)  are OK, providing you complete no more than five of them 
B)  increase the probability of making a Type II error 
C)  increase the probability of making a Type I error 
D)  should be completed first, then an ANOVA to verify the results 
A)  are OK, providing you complete no more than five of them 
B)  increase the probability of making a Type II error 
C)  increase the probability of making a Type I error 
D)  should be completed first, then an ANOVA to verify the results

Question 11

Which of the independent variables would lead you to use a bar rather than a line graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  political affiliation 
B)  dosage level of a drug 
C)  age 
D)  delay time in giving reinforcement 
A)  political affiliation 
B)  dosage level of a drug 
C)  age 
D)  delay time in giving reinforcement

Question 12

Which of the following empirical questions is most likely to be answered with a study using a wait list control group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is psychoanalysis effective for agoraphobia? 
B)  Can memory be improved with training? 
C)  Are men less likely to ask directions than women? 
D)  Will alcohol slow down reaction time? 
A)  Is psychoanalysis effective for agoraphobia? 
B)  Can memory be improved with training? 
C)  Are men less likely to ask directions than women? 
D)  Will alcohol slow down reaction time?

Question 13

Which of the following empirical questions is most likely to be answered with a study using a placebo control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is psychoanalysis effective for agoraphobia? 
B)  Can memory be improved with training? 
C)  Are men less likely to ask directions than women? 
D)  Will alcohol slow down reaction time? 
A)  Is psychoanalysis effective for agoraphobia? 
B)  Can memory be improved with training? 
C)  Are men less likely to ask directions than women? 
D)  Will alcohol slow down reaction time?

Question 14

In Stroop's most famous experiment, a comparison was made between naming color patches and naming colors when they were printed with color-mismatched names. What was true about his design?

Accepted Answer

A)  he used a reverse counterbalancing procedure 
B)  participants were assigned to the two conditions via random assignment 
C)  participants were matched to groups on the basis of their reading skills 
D)  it was a multilevel, repeated-measures design 
A)  he used a reverse counterbalancing procedure 
B)  participants were assigned to the two conditions via random assignment 
C)  participants were matched to groups on the basis of their reading skills 
D)  it was a multilevel, repeated-measures design

Question 15

In what ways are independent groups designs and matched groups designs (a) similar, and (b) distinct?

Accepted Answer

Independent groups designs and matched g

Question 16

Which of the following studies used a single-factor, matched groups design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kroeger et al.'s study, which evaluated the effects of a social skills program for autism 
B)  the study by Kasser and Sheldon, which compared groups writing two kinds of essays 
C)  Lee and Aronson's study comparing the effects of having a room move forward or backward 
D)  the study by McDonald and Flanagan, which examined the effects of traumatic brain injury 
A)  Kroeger et al.'s study, which evaluated the effects of a social skills program for autism 
B)  the study by Kasser and Sheldon, which compared groups writing two kinds of essays 
C)  Lee and Aronson's study comparing the effects of having a room move forward or backward 
D)  the study by McDonald and Flanagan, which examined the effects of traumatic brain injury

Question 17

In a study on the effects of caffeine on reaction time, one group of participants ingests two cups of coffee before being tested. A second group takes four cups, and a third group takes eight cups. Before the study, participants are asked about the average number of cups they drink per day and that information is used when assigning participants to groups. What is the design?

Accepted Answer

A)  multilevel, matched groups 
B)  independent groups, single factor 
C)  repeated measures, multilevel 
D)  multilevel, nonequivalent groups 
A)  multilevel, matched groups 
B)  independent groups, single factor 
C)  repeated measures, multilevel 
D)  multilevel, nonequivalent groups

Question 18

Create some data for a study of the effects of caffeine on reaction time that would lead to this conclusion: Caffeine increases reaction time, but a placebo effect also exists. Explain the data.

Accepted Answer

To study the effects of caffeine on reac

Question 19

Bransford and Johnson examined the effects of context on memory by asking participants to read and recall idea units from a paragraph about a man courting a woman. What was true about their study?

Accepted Answer

A)  it was a multilevel, independent groups design 
B)  their purpose in using a multilevel design was to discover nonlinear effects 
C)  they found that context improved recall, regardless of whether that context was 
D)  its results are best portrayed with a line graph rather than a bar graph 
A)  it was a multilevel, independent groups design 
B)  their purpose in using a multilevel design was to discover nonlinear effects 
C)  they found that context improved recall, regardless of whether that context was 
D)  its results are best portrayed with a line graph rather than a bar graph

Question 20

When portraying the results of a study graphically, what are the guidelines that help determine whether to use a bar graph or a line graph?

Accepted Answer

When deciding whether to use a bar graph

If a line graph has been used to portray the results of a single-factor study, you can be sure that

The use of control groups has been criticized on ethical grounds because

A t test for independent samples is used to compare experimental conditions in which of the following designs?

Compared with designs that have just two levels, multilevel designs provide two advantages. Use the famous Ebbinghaus study to illustrate one of those advantages and the Bransford and Johnson study of the effects of context on memory to illustrate the second.

A graph comparing males and females on reaction time would be a bar graph because gender is a(n) _________ variable.

In a study on social skills training in children with autism, Kroeger et al. made sure that at the start of the study the groups were equal in terms a level of cognitive functioning. They used a(n) __________ design.

Which of the following studies used a single-factor, repeated-measures design?

Which of the following is true about the Yerkes-Dodson arousal-performance study?

For the designs in this chapter, post hoc testing occurs when

When analyzing a multilevel design, multiple t tests

Which of the independent variables would lead you to use a bar rather than a line graph?

Which of the following empirical questions is most likely to be answered with a study using a wait list control group?

Which of the following empirical questions is most likely to be answered with a study using a placebo control?

In Stroop's most famous experiment, a comparison was made between naming color patches and naming colors when they were printed with color-mismatched names. What was true about his design?

In what ways are independent groups designs and matched groups designs (a) similar, and (b) distinct?

Which of the following studies used a single-factor, matched groups design?

Create some data for a study of the effects of caffeine on reaction time that would lead to this conclusion: Caffeine increases reaction time, but a placebo effect also exists. Explain the data.

Bransford and Johnson examined the effects of context on memory by asking participants to read and recall idea units from a paragraph about a man courting a woman. What was true about their study?

When portraying the results of a study graphically, what are the guidelines that help determine whether to use a bar graph or a line graph?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters

Exam 7: Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs

If a line graph has been used to portray the results of a single-factor study, you can be sure that

The use of control groups has been criticized on ethical grounds because

A t test for independent samples is used to compare experimental conditions in which of the following designs?

Compared with designs that have just two levels, multilevel designs provide two advantages. Use the famous Ebbinghaus study to illustrate one of those advantages and the Bransford and Johnson study of the effects of context on memory to illustrate the second.

A graph comparing males and females on reaction time would be a bar graph because gender is a(n) _________ variable.

In a study on social skills training in children with autism, Kroeger et al. made sure that at the start of the study the groups were equal in terms a level of cognitive functioning. They used a(n) __________ design.

Which of the following studies used a single-factor, repeated-measures design?

Which of the following is true about the Yerkes-Dodson arousal-performance study?

For the designs in this chapter, post hoc testing occurs when

When analyzing a multilevel design, multiple t tests

Which of the independent variables would lead you to use a bar rather than a line graph?

Which of the following empirical questions is most likely to be answered with a study using a wait list control group?

Which of the following empirical questions is most likely to be answered with a study using a placebo control?

In Stroop's most famous experiment, a comparison was made between naming color patches and naming colors when they were printed with color-mismatched names. What was true about his design?

In what ways are independent groups designs and matched groups designs (a) similar, and (b) distinct?

Which of the following studies used a single-factor, matched groups design?

Create some data for a study of the effects of caffeine on reaction time that would lead to this conclusion: Caffeine increases reaction time, but a placebo effect also exists. Explain the data.

Bransford and Johnson examined the effects of context on memory by asking participants to read and recall idea units from a paragraph about a man courting a woman. What was true about their study?

When portraying the results of a study graphically, what are the guidelines that help determine whether to use a bar graph or a line graph?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis

Introduction to Experimental Research

Control Problems in Experimental Research

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Correlational Research

Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research

Small N Designs

Descriptive Research Methods

Filters